Business Models to Facilitate Deployment of Connected Vehicle Infrastructure to Support Automated Vehicle Operations (2020) / Chapter Skim
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6 2 SELECTING CANDIDATES FOR CV INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BUSINESS CASE ANALYSES It is highly likely that vehicle connectivity may be ubiquitous in 20 years (NASEM, 2019)
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7 Table 2-1. V2I Applications Requiring CV Infrastructure Investment V2I Applications External Benefits Internal Benefits Benefit Type Criticality of Wireless Communi -cations Mobility Safety Enviro.
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8 V2I Applications External Benefits Internal Benefits Benefit Type Criticality of Wireless Communi -cations Mobility Safety Enviro. User Cost Avoid Agency Cost Avoid Improved Asset/ Fleet Mgt Revenue Source Red Light Violation Warning (RLVW)
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9 • At the most basic level, benefits from the V2I applications listed in Table 2-1 can be categorized as external or internal to the DOT. o External or societal benefits result when improved service is directly provided to transportation system users in terms of safety, mobility (to include congestion relief)
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10 • As indicated in the last column of Table 2-1, more than half of the listed V2I applications depend on safety-critical or time-critical wireless communications. The criticality of communications refers to the speed with which information is exchanged between CVs or AVs and RSUs integrated with traffic control systems (e.g., signal controllers)
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11 Source: CAT Coalition, 2020 Figure 2-1. Connected Vehicle Deployment Environment
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12 Table 2-2. CV Infrastructure Components, Their Readiness Assessment and Impact on CV Infrastructure Investment Decision-making Key CV Infrastructure Component Readiness Level Observations Assessment of Impact on CV Infrastructure Decision-making in a 5- to 10-year Time frame Roadside Systems RSU radio transceiver technology for wireless communications with vehicles • DSRC-based RSUs that are brought into vehicles (as opposed to natively installed in vehicles by original equipment manufacturers [OEMs]
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13 Table 2-2. CV Infrastructure Components, Their Readiness Assessment and Impact on CV Infrastructure Investment Decision-making Key CV Infrastructure Component Readiness Level Observations Assessment of Impact on CV Infrastructure Decision-making in a 5- to 10-year Time frame exchanged between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure include, the Basic Safety Message (BSM)
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14 Table 2-2. CV Infrastructure Components, Their Readiness Assessment and Impact on CV Infrastructure Investment Decision-making Key CV Infrastructure Component Readiness Level Observations Assessment of Impact on CV Infrastructure Decision-making in a 5- to 10-year Time frame ASSESSMENT: National SCMS guidance is near and is not expected to affect short-term CV investments.
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15 Key observations and decision-making rationale derived from the Table 2-2 readiness assessment include the following: • Uncertainty about the wireless radio communication technology that will prevail will have a major impact on the market penetration of private autos that come with integrated, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) -installed OBUs.
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16 of DSRC in the event C-V2X becomes the industry standard, agencies must plan the investments to limit financial impacts and be prepared to adopt new technologies at the lowest possible cost. o Where the DOT may not wish to commit to DSRC, it can invest in other technologyagnostic options (e.g., DSRC and C-V2X compatible RSUs)
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17 2.2.2 Assessing Readiness of V2I Applications based on DOT Pilot and Test Bed Activities and Plans This section assesses the readiness of V2I applications by examining the existing set of DOT pilot, test bed, and early deployment activities. It augments observations from these DOT activities with select statements of intent made in several DOT CV planning documents.
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18 Pilot, Test Bed, or Project Scope of CV Infrastructure NY NYCDOT USDOT CV Pilot 3 city regions, 8,000 vehicles, 100 pedestrians OH Columbus USDOT Smart City 100 RSUs, 1,800 OBUs OH ODOT US-33 Smart Mobility + Connected Marysville 27 intersections in Marysville (94 RSUs total including US 33) , fiber, 500 OBUs UT UDOT/UTA MMITSS - Redwood Rd bus 11-mile corridor with 24 intersections, 10 buses UT UDOT/UTA MMITSS - Provo-Orem UVX BRT 47 intersections, 25 buses UT UDOT snowplow priority 5 corridors, 55 intersections, 46 snowplows UT UDOT-Panasonic CV expansion 200 RSUs, 2,000 OBUs (5-year plan)
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19 While the popularity of an application does not mean it is ready to be deployed at scale immediately, it does indicate the level of interest among DOTs to study it and document its benefits. From this standpoint, the applications in Figure 2-2 illustrate the viability of certain priority V2I applications.
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20 Table 2-4. Select Active V2I Application Deployments Agency Deployed Project and V2I Applications Utah DOT • 11-mile Redwood Road bus corridor, 24 intersections and 10 buses equipped with TSP • Active since November 2017 • Providing up to a 6 percent improvement in schedule reliability • Provo-Orem UVX BRT corridor, 47 intersections and 25 buses equipped with TSP • Active since December 2018 • Benefit study underway • 5 Salt Lake Valley corridors, 55 intersections, and 46 snowplows equipped with snowplow priority • Active since March 2019 • Benefit study underway Maricopa County DOT • 11-intersection test bed in Anthem, Arizona, with implementation of the full suite of MMITSS applications • Successful pilot tests of pilot test EVP, TSP, FSP, and pedestrian signal priority with equipped school buses, transit buses, and emergency vehicles • Expansion to the adjacent I-17 and to equipping Anthem residents' vehicles and public agency vehicles with on-board units FDOT • SPaT equipment (SPaT and MAP broadcasts)
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21 Table 2-5. Example State DOT CV Strategic and Program Plan Statements Supporting Investment Example State DOT Plan and Content Statements of Intent to Make CV Infrastructure Investment Florida's Connected and Automated Vehicle Business Plan Lays out principles and specific investment objective "aggressively supporting the deployment of the Connected and Automated Vehicle Program to achieve near term and sustainable safety, mobility, and economic development (SME)
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22 Example State DOT Plan and Content Statements of Intent to Make CV Infrastructure Investment • "Support the development of high priority V2I applications" identified as "Work zone, pavement condition, road weather, and SPaT-enabled applications." • "Accelerate Connected and Automated Vehicle benefits through fleet deployments" by "[outfitting] vehicles to support benefit acceleration and regional testing activities." The Pennsylvania Joint Statewide Connected and Automated Vehicle Strategic Plan Identifies specific objectives in nine business areas that address the state's goals for preparing for and advancing CV (and AV)
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23 2. Shortlist V2I applications that may help the agency meet its objectives.
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24 Table 2-6. V2I Applications, DOT Goal Area, and the Roadway Types for Deployment V2I Application Typical DOT Goal Areas Roadway Type Mobility Safety Enviro.
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25 Table 2-7. Example V2I Applications Sequencing to Identify CV Investment Priorities for Urban Freeways Planning Period V2I Application Notes 0 to 5 Years Curve Speed Warning Provides Day 1 benefit to equipped vehicles.
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26 Table 2-8. Example V2I Applications Sequencing CV Investment Priorities for Rural Freeways and V2I Planning Time Period V2I Application Notes 0 to 10 Years Curve Speed Warning Provides Day 1 benefit to equipped vehicles.
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27 Table 2-9. Example V2I Applications Sequencing CV Investment Priorities for Urban/Suburban Arterials Planning Time Period V2I Application Notes 0 to 5 Years Pedestrian in Signalized Crosswalk Warning Reliable detection of vulnerable road users, or market of CV-equipped devices that are carried by pedestrians are still not mainstream.
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28 Planning Time Period V2I Application Notes 10+ Years MMITSS Combines multiple V2I applications into an integrated package allowing a more managed approach. Elements of MMITSS for emergency, transit, and freight are all priority applications.
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29 Table 2-10. Example V2I Applications Sequencing CV Investment Priorities for Urban/Suburban Arterials Planning Time Period V2I Application Notes 0 to 5 Years Railroad Crossing Violation Warning Provides Day 1 safety benefit to equipped vehicles.
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30 Table 2-11. ROM Costs for Various V2I Investments V2I Application Minimum Deployment Size Initial Capital Cost Annual Operations and Maintenance Cost Curve Speed Warning (CSW)
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31 2.6 WHO DEVELOPS THE BUSINESS CASE ANALYSIS Project managers responsible for the V2I application deployment (i.e., implementation planning once an investment decision is made) should prepare the business case.
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