Planning and Design for Fire and Smoke Incidents in Underground Passenger Rail Systems (2017) / Chapter Skim
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7 IntroductIon This chapter summarizes findings from a literature review related to planning and design for fire and smoke incidents in underground passenger rail systems. A Transportation Research Infor mation Database search was conducted to aid the literature review, using key words such as "rail tunnel fires," "rail fires," "transit fires," and "tunnel fires." Reports are grouped under the following headings: • Rail Fire and Smoke Standards, • Railway and Rail Car Studies, • Passenger Behavior, • European Studies, • The METRO Project, and • Related Tunnel Studies.
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8 and testing of adhesive and sealants with respect to fire heat release rates (HRRs)
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9 evacuate from a tunnel fire. It can be used to create a safe evacuation passageway that is free of smoke throughout the length of the tunnel.
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10 per unit area and burning area decision. The curve of the HRR of an actual rail car fire was measured by using the ignition scenario in the British Standards Institute report EN 455451 (British Standards Institute 2013)
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11 to a computer egress model to predict emergency evacuation times for various car configurations. Preliminary egress experiment results indicated consistent egress times by subjects for all trials with small learning effects and no fatigue effect.
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12 the participants' decision to leave their vehicles. Social influence was found to be essential in regard to the decision to leave the vehicle and the choice of exit.
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13 Hohnecker (2000) describes the history of tunnel safety, German legislation, fire progression in tunnels, the development of safety plans, tunnel construction and operation (including emergency exits, lighting, routes and plans)
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14 The final report for the METRO Project compiles the results (Ingason et al.
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15 initiate an evacuation. New data show that participants moved an average of 0.9 m/s in the smokefilled environment (average visibility of 1.5–3.5 m)
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16 and windows is proven to be high, the designer can consider the use of a lower value, such as 20 MW. The definition of high quality resistance is left to regulators to define.
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17 smoke control in roadway tunnels, to improve human evacuation and emergency responder safety. The guidelines consider: 1.
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18 In the past decade more than 400 people worldwide have died as a result of fires in road, rail, and metro tunnels. Colella et al.
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