Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers (2006) / Chapter Skim
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29 Community Design and Travel Behavior Exploring the Implications for Women Susan Handy, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis In the face of growing levels of congestion and persis-tent air quality problems, planners increasingly seecommunity design as a way of reducing automobile dependence. Because of growing levels of obesity and the attendant health problems, public health officials have also turned to community design as a way of increasing physical activity.
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to aesthetic qualities of the built environment and overlies both land use patterns and the transportation system, particularly in terms of the design of buildings and the design of streetscapes, respectively. Other terms also need definition.
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HOW DOES COMMUNITY DESIGN AFFECT TRAVEL BEHAVIOR? What effect might these changes in community design have on travel behavior?
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HOW MIGHT THESE EFFECTS DIFFER FOR WOMEN? Community design might affect travel behavior differently for women than it does for men for the basic reason that women's daily lives are significantly different from men's.
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though the latter seems more likely given the time constraints that women face. For women with children, living in the suburbs exerts an even greater driving penalty -- 44 mi more per week than in traditional neighborhoods, a difference of 32%.
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quently as women not living with children, whether they live in traditional or suburban neighborhoods. Even in traditional neighborhoods, however, the average frequency is just 10 times in 30 days, or about once every 3 days, less than recommended levels for exercise.
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borhoods agree more strongly that driving is safest than women in traditional neighborhoods, whether or not they have children. These results suggest that attitudes about the safety of driving relative to other modes are determined more by neighborhood than by sex or presence of children.
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specific change in community design, such as the implementation of a traffic calming program, are also a more effective way of establishing causality. In either type of study, attitudes and perceptions must be accounted for to establish that the causal relationship between community design and travel behavior is real.
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No. 1780, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2001, pp.
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munities. In Conference Proceedings 35: Research on Women's Issues in Transportation, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, Vol.
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