Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Disseminating Traveler Information on Travel Time Reliability (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 105-131
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105 Reliability information encompasses a broad range of information that describes underlying trip variability and other contextual data travelers use to manage delay and on-time performance. Included in this category are (a)
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106 evaluated in the experiment were selected on the basis of the lexicon findings and accepted by the SHRP 2 L14 technical expert task group. The specific reliability-related terms, phrases, and delivery media assessed in this experiment are listed as follows: 1.
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107 questions, followed by the group-led experiment and varying post-experiment surveys. Appendix G lists the specific data types requested and generated from the pre-experiment survey questions.
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108 duration based on the selected departure. For example, a 30-min trip required the participant to view progress over 6 s, while a 60-min trip required the participant to view progress over 12 s.
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109 participant experienced four of the seven reliability-related data, a specific term each for a week. During one week, participants received no reliability-related data.
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110 • End-of-week helpfulness of information in reducing commute stress (1 = not at all, 5 = absolutely) ; • End-of-week usefulness of information overall (1 = not useful, 5 = very useful)
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111 to 49 years. Close to half of all participants had a college degree or higher, whereas only 25% of the U.S.
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112 medical destinations was less frequently cited as very important. Between 64% and 68% of individuals making school, child-care, and medical trips indicated that arriving on time was very important for their trips.
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113 work trips by car, 42% had an average work-trip time that was similar to the times presented in the experiment (40 min or greater) , while another 45% traveled slightly lower work-trip times, ranging from 20 min to 40 min.
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114 guaranteed travel time mitigates adverse trip arrival outcomes, while the knowledge of a late arrival does not change an adverse trip outcome. experiment 1 Findings: effectiveness and Valuation of reliability Terms for Unfamiliar Trips Participants in this experiment made two valuations and a departure time decision pre-trip, as well as three valuations at the end of each simulated commute.
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115 Ratings for information usefulness when asked post-trip were either lower than the baseline or otherwise not significantly different, even when trip outcomes were better with the reliability information. One reason for this phenomenon may be that when participants were late, they faulted more strongly the reliability information if available; however, in the absence of reliability information, they may have faulted inherent traffic rather than the baseline radio information.
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116 Text-Based Average and 95th Percentile Reliability Information Versus Baseline (Type C Versus Type A) Among all experiment participants, 185 individuals made a week (5 days)
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117 When asked at the end of the week, individuals were willing to pay on average $0.22 more for type C information compared with the baseline; however, for the same question at the end of each trip, participants were willing to pay about $0.31 more per trip. Finally, when asked how difficult it was to understand the traveler information, participants rated type C slightly more challenging to understand (2.2 versus 2.0)
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118 Conflicting outcomes were observed between post-trip and end-of-week valuations for information usefulness and effectiveness in reducing stress. Participants gave the reliability information type D a higher usefulness rating pre-trip and at the end of the week, but a lower rating post-trip compared with the no reliability information week ratings.
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119 bar chart showing estimated travel time and extra time for unexpected delays, using departure time as the x-axis and arrival time as the y-axis. The graphic is presented in Appendix H, Figure H.6.
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120 information; however, this difference was not statistically significant. That is, participants did not find the graphical reliability information any more difficult to understand than the radio message without reliability information.
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121 format (WAV) files played while participants wore headphones.
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122 (type H) , while the information in types C and D was presented in graphical formats (type F and type G, respectively)
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123 text-based 95th percentile reliability information (type B) and another week (5 days)
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124 Participants, when using the text-based information, chose to depart on average slightly earlier (on average 2 min earlier) , and consequently arrived on average 3.1 min earlier compared with when they had access to the graphical form of the same information.
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125 experiment 2 Findings: reliability data expedites Learning Curve for Trip Familiarity The objective of experiment 2 was to determine whether having reliability information helped speed the transition from an unfamiliar traveler to an experienced commuter. The underlying conjecture was that providing reliability information allows an unfamiliar traveler to manage the trade-off between on-time performance and travel budget (time allocated to travel)
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126 and travel budget (time allocated to travel) more effectively.
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127 The second factor focused on the individual, while the first factor focused on the general. Individuals were expected to rate their ease of understanding information more positively, even when rating the complexity of the information as high.
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128 95th percentile reliability terms. Third was the graphical average and 95th percentile reliability terms.
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129 Figure 10.8. Rank ordering of reliability terms based on information usefulness.
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130 Researchers developed three hypotheses, and findings related to each of these hypotheses are described below. Hypothesis 1 stated that provision of accurate reliability information (in an easy-to-understand format)
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131 and stress reduction. To some degree, this was because of the complexity of the presentation and the brevity with which participants were required to learn and interpret information content.
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