Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 15 (2013) / Chapter Skim
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3 Phenyl Mercaptan Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
3 Phenyl Mercaptan Acute Exposure Guideline Levels
Pages 75-98
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From page 75... ...
Both the document and the AEGL values were then reviewed by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels.
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From page 76... ...
Although the AEGL values represent threshold concentrations for the general public, including susceptible subpopulations, such as infants, children, the elderly, persons with asthma, and those with other illnesses, it is recognized that individuals, subject to idiosyncratic responses, could experience the effects described at concentrations below the corresponding AEGL. SUMMARY Phenyl mercaptan is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and amber dyes, and is also used as a mosquito larvicide.
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HUMAN TOXICITY DATA 2.1. Acute Lethality No information concerning human lethality from acute exposure to phenyl mercaptan was available.
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TABLE 3-1 AEGL Values for Phenyl Mercaptan End Point Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h (Reference) AEGL-1a NR NR NR NR NR Insufficient data (nondisabling)
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2.6. Summary Data concerning human exposure to phenyl mercaptan are limited to odor threshold data.
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From page 80... ...
, uncoordinated movement, staggering gait, muscular weakness, partial skeletal muscle paralysis beginning in the hind limbs, light to severe cyanosis, tolerance of a prone position, and mild to heavy sedation; however, no concentration-response data were provided for clinical signs. Animals exposed to "maximal lethal concentrations" typically died from respiratory arrest during exposure or shortly after removal from the chamber.
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Groups of five male and five female albino rats were exposed to phenyl mercaptan at 244, 346, or 595 ppm for 1 h, followed by a 14-day observation period (Stauffer Chemical Company 1969)
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Surviving rats sacrificed 3 days after the final exposure showed gas-filled and irritated stomachs and intestines, pale brown kidneys, small spleens, mottled livers, and irritated eyes. An odor of phenyl mercaptan was noted when the abdominal cavity was opened.
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From page 83... ...
High-dose animals showed decreased gravid uterine weight, increased post-implantation loss, decreased live litter size, decreased fetal body weight per litter, and increased incidence of external fetal malformations. Groups of 15-26 pregnant New Zealand white rabbits were administered phenyl mercaptan in corn oil at doses of 0, 10, 30, or 40 mg/kg/day on gestation days 6-19 (NTP 1994b)
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, uncoordinated movement, staggering gait, muscular weakness, skeletal muscle paralysis, light to severe cyanosis, and coma. Repeated inhalation exposure studies in rats and mice reported signs of irritation during exposure and at necropsy.
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From page 85... ...
4.4. Concurrent Exposure Issues Because cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, and phenyl mercaptan are all cytochrome oxidase inhibitors, an interaction might be possible if individuals were simultaneously exposed to two or more of these compounds (Smith 1991)
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To obtain conservative and protective AEGL values in the absence of a chemical-specific scaling exponent, temporal scaling was performed using default values of n = 3 when extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 when extrapolating to longer durations.
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reported clinical signs of uncoordinated movement, partial muscle paralysis, and mild to heavy sedation in rats exposed to phenyl mercaptan for 4 h; however, no concentration-response data were provided which could be used to identify an AEGL-2 effect level. Stauffer Chemical Company (1969)
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From page 88... ...
Although an interspecies or intraspecies uncertainty factor of 10 might normally be applied because of limited data, a total uncertainty of 30 would yield AEGL values that are inconsistent with the AEGL values for the structural and mechanistic analogs ethyl mercaptan, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide, all of which have a more robust data set than phenyl mercaptan. Rat lethality data (see Section 4.3)
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SUMMARY OF AEGLS 8.1. AEGL Values and Toxicity End Points Table 3-8 presents AEGL values for phenyl mercaptan.
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c (2 mg/m3) a TLV-TWA (threshold limit value-time weighted average, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists [ACGIH 2012]
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2001. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals.
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Stauffer Chemical Company.
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:171-189. Toxicity end point: Estimated lethality threshold for rats, 4-h LC01 of 10.3 ppm Time scaling: Cn × t = k (default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations)
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94 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Uncertainty factors: 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability 10-min AEGL-3: C3 × 0.167 h = 4,371 ppm- h C3 = 26,174 ppm C = 29.7 ppm 29.7 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.0 ppm 30-min AEGL-3: C3 × 0.5 h = 4,371 ppm- h C3 = 8,742 ppm C = 20.6 ppm 20.6 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.1 ppm 1-h AEGL-3: C3 × 1 h = 4,371 ppm- h C3 = 4,371 ppm C = 16.4 ppm 16.4 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.6 ppm 4-h AEGL-3: 10.3 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.0 ppm 8-h AEGL-3: C1 ÷ 8 h = 41.2 ppm -h C1 = 5.15 ppm C = 5.15 ppm 5.15 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.52 ppm
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1958. Toxicologic studies on organic sulfur compounds.
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From page 96... ...
is not expected to vary greatly between or within species. Although an interspecies or intraspecies uncertainty factor of 10 might normally be applied because of limited data, a total uncertainty factor of 30 would yield AEGL values that are inconsistent with the AEGL values derived for the structural and mechanistic analogs ethyl mercaptan, methyl mercaptan, and hydrogen sulfide, all of which have a more robust data set than phenyl mercaptan.
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TABLE E C-1 Data Ussed in Category y Plot for Phennyl Mercaptan No. Source Speciies Sex Expoosures ppm Minutes Categoory Comments AEGL-1 NR 10 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 30 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 60 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 240 AEGL AEGL-1 NR 480 AEGL AEGL-2 1.00 10 AEGL AEGL-2 0.70 30 AEGL AEGL-2 0.53 60 AEGL AEGL-2 0.33 240 AEGL AEGL-2 0.17 480 AEGL AEGL-3 3.00 10 AEGL (Continueed)
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From page 98... ...
Stauffer Chemical Rat Both 1 244 60 2 Company 1969 Rat Both 1 346 60 SL Mortality (3/10) Rat Both 1 595 60 3 Mortality (10/10)
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