Assessment of Advanced Solid-State Lighting (2013) / Chapter Skim
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2 History of Public Policy on Lighting
2 History of Public Policy on Lighting
Pages 18-33
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From page 18... ...
By 1999, light policy instruments affecting lighting efficiency are discussed sources comprised more than half of the lighting program next, including building codes, state building codes specifica funding, which was $2 million to $4 million per year (NRC, tions for high-performance building specifications, incentive 2001)
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From page 19... ...
fluorescent lamps and incandescent reflector lamps. Further 2 ENERGY STAR® is a voluntary program created by DOE and Envi more, DOE was granted the authority to revise and amend ronmental Protection Agency to encourage energy efficient products and buildings through labeling.
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From page 20... ...
TABLE 2.1 Rated Lumen Ranges, Maximum Rated added standards for some types of fluorescent and incandes- Wattages, and Effective Dates for General Service Lamps cent reflector lamps, provided funding for voluntary testing Goals in EISA 2007, Section 321 and consumer information programs for luminaries, and Maximum Rated Wattage Rated Lumen Ranges Effective Date created an energy efficient commercial building tax deduction program, which includes lighting. The 1992 statute also 72 1490-2600 January 1, 2012 53 1050-1489 January 1, 2013 set July 1994 as the deadline for states to adopt the lighting 43 750-1049 January 1, 2014 standards developed by the American Society of Heating, 29 310-749 January 1, 2014 Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE, 90.1 standards)
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From page 21... ...
In its funding opportu"By 2025, develop advanced solid-state lighting technolo- nity announcements, DOE expressed the goal of 50 percent gies that, compared to conventional lighting technologies, cost-share for manufacturing projects and 20 percent for are much more energy-efficient, longer lasting, and cost- core technology and technology development projects. To competitive by targeting a product system efficiency of aid in successful market adoption of SSL technology, DOE 50 percent with lighting that closely reproduces the visible has also developed a 5-year SSL commercialization support portions of the sunlight spectrum" (DOE, 2011a, p.
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From page 22... ...
It supports independent program in 2015, an external review should be conducted testing of SSL products, supports exploratory studies on to provide recommendations on the relative proportions of market trends and helps to identify critical technology issues, funding that should be dedicated to core technology, product supports workshops to foster collaboration on standards and development, and manufacturing projects, and what the tartest procedures, promotes a number of industry alliances geted level of matching funding should be in each of these and consortia, disseminates information, and supports a three funding categories. number of other initiatives (Brodrick, 2011)
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From page 23... ...
. EPA requires that In September 2011, DOE initiated another rulemaking on a product be tested by an EPA-recognized laboratory, which general service fluorescent lamps and incandescent reflec- then submits the test data to an EPA-recognized, third-party tor lamps with the aim of increasing the minimum efficacy certification body, which certifies that the product meets requirements for these types of lamps by a few percent the ENERGY STAR® specifications.
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From page 24... ...
unrelated to energy efficiency, which are intended to ensure that ENERGY STAR® lighting products have a States have been active in promoting energy conservation high level of quality and are acceptable to consumers. EPA and efficiency by adopting a variety of regulatory, policy, and recently published a vision document in which it justifies the incentive programs, many of which will directly or indirectly inclusion of non-energy related requirements in ENERGY encourage more energy efficient lighting (DSIRE, 2011)
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From page 25... ...
ASHRAE number have adopted a residential model building code has two minimum codes applicable to new construction: corresponding to 2009 IECC.8 However, the 2010 version Standard 90.1 for commercial and industrial buildings and of ASHRAE Standard 90.1 offers significant energy savings Standard 90.2 for residential buildings. The ICC develops over its predecessor, as shown in determinations performed the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
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From page 26... ...
The approach taken by the California residential PNNL has historically been tasked by DOE to perform a energy code may be more likely to improve energy efficiency. "determination" of the energy savings effect of a new version of building codes for commercial buildings.
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EPACT (05) authorized the Various incentive programs have also played an important Energy Efficient Commercial Building Tax Deduction, creatrole in encouraging the adoption of more energy efficient ing Section 179D of the Internal Revenue Code (26 United lighting.
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From page 28... ...
. The CFL thus INTERNATIONAL REGULATION provides great potential to save energy, money, and reduce Many nations are in the process of phasing out traditional environmental consequences, such as CO2 emissions, from incandescent lamps in favor of more energy efficient lamps generating the electricity needed to operate the light.
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From page 29... ...
requirements for consumer lamps: 22lm/W for ≥100W, 20lm/W for ≥60W, 18lm/W for ≥40W, 15lm/W for ≥25W China ≥100W ≥60W ≥15W Japan gradual voluntary transition by major lamp companies to high efficacy lighting - no mandatory regulations in place Philippines no government mandated ban at this time, Bill to require a minimum of 15 lm/W efficacy introduced in the Philippines Senate India Some voluntary programs, but no mandatory standards for lamps rated at 100W or below Oceania Australia Traditional incandescent phased out in 2009, halogen available New Zealand Intention was to phase out traditional incandescent lamps the same way as Australia, but government elected in 2008 did not proceed Color code: Phase out event or period Higher efficacy filament lamps allowed No filament lamps allowed FIGURE 2.3 Schedule for phase-out of incandescent lamps worldwide as of December 2011.
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From page 30... ...
These consumer concerns include dedicated non-screw-based, energy efficient luminaires in the following: CFLs have a slower ramp-up to full luminous most new residential applications, which again provided a output compared to the standard incandescent lamp; most regulatory boost to CFLs, although in this case for the linear CFLs are not dimmable; and, most significantly, some conpin-based CFLs with a separate ballast rather than the screw- sumers perceive the quality of light from CFLs as inferior in spiral CFLs being developed to substitute for traditional to traditional lighting sources, with frequent complaints that incandescent lamps. the light is "too dim," "harsh and unflattering," "too blue," or Despite this progress, the CFL has encountered a number otherwise "not right" (APT, 2010; Logan, 2008; Rice, 2011; of problems that have presented a significant obstacle to its Sandahl et al., 2006; LRC, 2003; Scelfo, 2008)
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From page 31... ...
For example, lower energy use and longer lifespan, consumers are par- the U.S. House of Representatives passed an amendment in ticularly sensitive to the higher up-front costs of CFLs, as July 2011 that would prohibit DOE from spending any funds is the case with many other energy efficient products, an on implementing the lighting efficiency standards (Howell, effect described as the "energy paradox" of the very gradual 2011)
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From page 32... ...
2011d. Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for General facturers and others should take care not to over promise; Service Fluorescent Lamps, General Service Incandescent Lamps, and Incandescent Reflector Lamps -- Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.
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From page 33... ...
Los of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
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