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Executive and Managing Editor Photo and Illustration Credits Stephen Mautner t = top; b = bottom; l = left; r = right Sponsoring Editor Dick Morris Front Cover (tl) red chrysanthemum, Stockbyte; (tr) Monarch butterfly, Don Farrall/Photographerâs Choice; Book Design (bl) Sin Nombre virus particles at 171,000 magnifica- Francesca Moghari tion, Digital Stock; (br) orangutan, Ryan McVay; x view of Earth, Photodisc; xvi flock of shorebirds, Photodisc; Cover Design 2 (tl) Nunavut valley, Ted Daeschler/Academy of Michele de la Menardiere Natural Sciences/VIREO; (bl) Tiktaalik fossil, Shubin Lab, University of Chicago; (r) drawing of Tiktaalik fin Photo Research skeleton, Kalliopi Monoyios; 5 airplane passengers, Christine Hauser Reuters/Corbis; 6 wheat field, Agricultural Research Service; 7 Trinidadian guppies, Sean Earnshaw and Production Manager Anne Magurran; 8 loggerhead turtle laying eggs, Dorothy Lewis Lynda Richardson/Corbis; 9 ethanol gas pump, U.S. Department of Energy; 16 meerkats, Photodisc; 19 (t) Hubble Space Telescope deep field image of dis- tant galaxies, NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI), and the HUDF Team; (br) Hubble Space Telescope image of planetary disk in foreground of star, D. Padgett (IPAC/Caltech), W. Brandner (IPAC), K. Stapelfeldt (JPL), and NASA; 20 scientists viewing monitor, Agricultural Research Service; 21 stromatolites at Carbla Point, Shark Bay, Western Australia, photo by Jere H. Lipps, February 16, 2002; (inset) cyanobacte- rium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, NASA Microbes Image Gallery; 23 transitional bird-like fossil, courtesy Hailu You, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences; 24 chimpanzee in the wild, Michael D. Carleton, Curator of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution; 25 (bl) dolphins, Captain Budd Christmann, NOAA Corps; (br) great white shark, Oxford Scientific/Photolibrary; 26 (b) Hawaiian Drosophila, Kevin Kaneshiro; 28 nine-banded armadillo, Eric and David Hosking/Corbis; 29 polytene chromo- some from a Drosophila larva, photograph courtesy Hampton L. Carson, based on an original photograph by Harrison D. Stalker, Washington University, St. Louis; 30 drawing of Drosophila and mouse embryos, Sean Carroll; 32 skeleton of Dorudon, Philip Gingerich and the University of Michigan; 33 Laetoli footprints, John Reader/Science Photo Library; 36 rainbow heli- conia, Photodisc; 40 H. Pylori bacterium with flagella, Visuals Unlimited/Corbis; 41 drawing of eyes in living mollusks, reprinted with permission from Encyclopædia Britannica, © 2005 by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; 42 Colorado River, National Park Service; 46 diatoms in fresh water, Photodisc; Back Cover (l) starfish, Slede Prels/Photodisc. 70 Science, Evolution, and Creationism