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INDEX D Darwin, Charles, xiii, 12, 22â23, 28, 32, 38, 39 A Darwin, Erasmus, 22â23 Adaptative radiation, 8â9, 25â28, 29 Dinosaurs, 3, 9, 23, 26, 38 Age Divergence from ancestral form, 8, 9 of Earth, 17, 19, 20â21, 38, 51 DNA of universe, 19â20, 38, 51 comparisons, 29â31, 33 Amniotic eggs, 8â9 defined, 4 Amphibians, 23 evidence of evolution, xii, xiii, 17, 28â32, 58 Anthropology, 17 gene duplication, 41 Archaeopteryx, 23 microarray technology, 5 Arkansas laws, 44 mutations, 4, 28 Armadillos, 23, 27, 28 and recency of common ancestry, 29â31 Artificial selection, 5, 6 sequencing, xii, 28 Artiodactyls, 32 Dolphins, 25â26, 32 Atomic theory of matter, 11, 12 Domestication of species, 5, 6 Australopithecus afarensis, 33, 34, 35 Dorudon, 32 Drosophila species, 26, 27, 29, 30 B Bacteria, 1, 4 E age of, 21 Earth antibiotic-resistant, 7, 39 age of, 17, 19, 20â21, 38, 51 DNA, 31 origin of, 57 flagellum, 40 Education. See Public school science curriculum generations per million years, 7 Edwards v. Aguillard, 44 Bats, 24, 27 Epperson v. Arkansas, 44 âBig Bang,â 18â19, 20, 51 Evolution. See also Humans Birds, 3, 8, 9, 23, 26, 41 acceptance vs. belief, 49â50 Blood circulation and clotting, 12, 41 analogous structures, 25â26 Bonobos, 35 anatomical homologies, 24â25 Brain size, 9, 33â34 behavioral commonalities, 17, 24, 25 Brown University, 15 books on, 56â59 compatibility with religious faith, xii, 12â15, 49, 54 C continuing nature of, 18, 39 Cell theory, 11 defined, 4 Central Conference of American Rabbis, 13 DNA evidence, xii, 17, 28â32, 58 Chimpanzees, 24, 30, 31, 33, 35 as fact, xiii, 3, 11, 12 Chromosomes, 29 fossil record, xi, xii, xiii, 1â3, 9, 11, 17, 21, 22â23, Clergy Letter Project, 14 32, 33â35, 38â39, 42â43 Collins, Francis, 15 geographic evidence, 17, 26â28 Comparative anatomy, 24â26, 30 last common ancestors, 8, 24, 25 Computed axial tomography, 38 natural selection and, 50 Copernicus, 18 predictions from findings, 3, 11, 38 Coyne, George, 15 in public school education, xiâxiii, 43â45, 47, 52 Creationism. See also Intelligent design creationism recency of common ancestry, 24, 30 books on evolution-creationism controversy, scientific disputes about mechanisms of, 50â51 58â59 scientific understanding of, xi, xii, 10â12, 39, 49â50 âold Earth,â 37â38 theory, 3, 11, 12, 51 in public schools, xiâxiii, 43â45, 52, 53 Evolutionary biology views of proponents, 37â39, 52â53 agricultural applications, 6 âyoung Earth,â 37, 39, 52â53 industrial applications, 9 Cyanobacteria, 21 medical applications, 5 Cystic fibrosis, 30 practical value, xi, 5â6, 47 Science, Evolution, and Creationism 67
Evolutionary developmental biology, xii, 30 I Eye, complexity of, 40, 41 Ichthyosaurs, 26 Ichthyostega, 3 F Immune system, 40, 41 Fishes, 1, 2-3, 4-5, 7, 23, 24, 26, 30, 41 Intelligent design creationism Fossil record, xi, xii, xiii irreducible complexity argument, xiii, 40â41, 53 consistency of, 38â39 landmark court decisions, xiiâxiii, 44â45, 52 creationistsâ view of, 38 in public school curriculum, xiâxiii, 44â45, 52 dating, 17 religious nature, xiii, 43â45 earliest, 21, 23 scientific failings, 40â43, 45 hominids, 33â35 Interacademy Panel on International Issues, 49 intermediate/transitional species, 1â3, 9, 11, 22, 23, 38, 39 J sedimentary rock, 22, 38, 42â43 John Paul II, 13 Fundamentalism, 37 K G Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, xiii, 44, 45 Galaxies, 19, 51 L General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, 13 Lemaître, Georges, 18 Genes, 4, 29, 32, 39 Leptin, 31 duplication, 41 Life on Earth highly conserved, 6, 30, 31 earliest, 21 similarity among organisms, 30, 31 origins of, 18, 21â22 Genetic variability, 4 Limb evolution, 3, 9, 30, 31â32, 34 Genetics, 4 Genomics, and evolution, 58 M Gorillas, 31 Mammals, 30 Gravitational theory, 11, 12, 51 fossil record, 38 geographic distribution, 27â28 H marine cetaceans, 32 Hawaiian Islands, drosophilid flies, 26â27, 29 transition from reptiles, 9 Heliocentric theory, 11, 12, 18 Meteorites, 21 Heredity, xiii, 4, 5, 12, 29. See also DNA; Mutations Mice, 26, 30, 32 Hominids Microarray technology, 5 fossil record, 33â35 Microevolutionary changes, 6â7 Laetoli footprints, 33, 34 Milky Way galaxy, 20, 51 Homo erectus, 34, 35 Miller, Kenneth, 15 Homo habilis, 34, 35 Molecular biology. See also DNA; RNA Homo sapiens, 35 evidence of evolution from, 28â32 Homologies, 24â25 Moon, 21 Horses, 5, 23, 27 Mosquitoes, insecticide resistance, 39 Hox genes, 30, 41 Mutations, 4â5, 28â29, 40, 50 Hubble Space Telescope, 19 Human Genome Project, 15 N Humans National Human Genome Research Institute, 15 ancestral species, 8, 33â35 Natural selection, xiii, 4, 40. See also Artificial selection chimpanzee compared, 24, 30, 31, 33, 35 applications outside biology, 9 DNA changes, 29â30, 31, 33 defined, 5, 50 evolution of, 8, 9, 12, 24, 25, 32â35, 57 discovery, 22â23 fossil record, 35, 38 as fact, 12 generations per million years, 7 industry applications, 9 upright walking, 33, 34 microevolutionary changes, 6â7 and origins of life, 22 and reproductive success, 50 68 Science, Evolution, and Creationism
Neanderthals, 35 S North America, mammals, 27â28 SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 5 Nuclides, defined, 20 Scaptomyza, 27 Science O contributions of, xi Opossums, 27, 28 defined, 10 P empirical evidence, 10, 12 Paleontologists/paleontology, 2â3, 23. See also Fossil hypotheses, 41â42, 43 record and religion, xi, xiii, 12, 15, 41â42, 47, 54 Paranthropus robustus, 35 theory, generally, xii, 11, 42, 51 Pennsylvania laws, 44, 45 Scopes, John, 44 Pets, generations per million years, 7. See also Sea turtles, 8 Domestication of species Self-replication, 22 Planetary motion, 12 Solar system, 19, 20, 51 Planetesimals, 19 South America, mammals, 27â28 Plate tectonics, theory of, 11, 53 Speciation, 7â8, 26, 27 Populations of organisms Species defined, 4 defined, 1 DNA variations, 29 extinct, 33 evolution of, 5, 6, 7â8, 28â29, 50 generations per million years, 7 extinct, 33, 35 geographic distribution, 17, 26â28 highly conserved genes, 6 highly conserved elements, 6 human, 29, 35 intermediate/transitional, 1â3, 22, 23 neutral mutations in, 29 new (see Speciation) Porpoises, 32 Stars, origin of, 19, 20 Primates, 8, 9, 24, 25, 31, 32â33. See also Humans Stromatolites, 21 Proconsul, 25 Supernovas, 20 Proteins, 4, 21, 22, 31â32, 40â41 T Protocells, 22 Tennessee laws, 44 Public school science curriculum Tetrapods, 2â3, 4, 8â9, 11, 23, 24, 30, 31â32, 38 creationism in, xiiâxiii, 43â45, 53 Theory, defined, 11 critical thinking in, 52 Tiktaalik, 2â3, 4, 11, 23, 30, 38 evidentiary standard for, 53 Traits, 4, 5, 6, 7, 24, 28â29, 31, 50 role of evolution, xiâxii, 43, 47 teaching the âcontroversies,â xiii, 52 U Universe R age of, 19â20, 38, 51 Radioactive decay, 20 expansion, 18â19 Radiometric dating, 17, 20, 51 origin of, 18â19, 57â58 Religion University of California, San Francisco, 5 compatibility of evolution with religious faith, 12â14, 49 V science and, xi, xiii, 12, 15, 47, 54 Viruses, 4, 5, 39 Reproductive W isolation, 7â8 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 12, 22â23 success, 4, 5, 8â9, 50 Warm-bloodedness, 9 Reptiles, 3, 8â9, 23, 41 Whales, 23, 24, 26, 32 RNA, 22, 31 Wheat domestication, 6 Wolves, 24, 27 Science, Evolution, and Creationism 69