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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

Page
988
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids

D
Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

TABLE D-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Added Sugars (tsp), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)

 

 

 

Percentile

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–3 y

2,174

13.2

0.4

1.8

3.4

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,448

19.3

9.3

11.7

13.1

Standard error

 

0.4

2.2

1.9

1.6

M, 9–13 y

1,219

28.6

16.8

19.7

21.4

Standard error

 

0.9

0.6

0.7

0.7

M, 14–18 y

909

36.9

15.5

20.5

23.4

Standard error

 

1.4

13.8

11.1

9.3

M, 19–30 y

1,902

31.5

10.7

15.3

18.1

Standard error

 

0.8

2.6

2.4

2.1

M, 31–50 y

2,533

25.4

3.5

6.9

9.5

Standard error

 

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.8

M, 51–70 y

1,942

18.0

3.1

5.5

7.2

Standard error

 

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

M, 71+ y

1,255

14.3

3.9

5.8

7.1

Standard error

 

0.5

0.8

0.8

0.8

F, 9–13 y

1,216

21.9

9.3

12.1

13.8

Standard error

 

0.7

1.7

1.5

1.3

F, 14–18 y

949

25.4

9.0

12.6

14.8

Standard error

 

1.2

5.5

4.8

4.2

F, 19–30 y

1,901

22.3

4.8

8.0

10.2

Standard error

 

0.7

1.4

1.6

1.4
Page
988
Front Matter (R1-R26)
Summary (1-20)
1. Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-37)
2. Methods and Approaches Used (38-52)
3. Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease (53-83)
4. A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (84-106)
5. Energy (107-264)
6. Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches (265-338)
7. Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber (339-421)
8. Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids (422-541)
9. Cholesterol (542-588)
10. Protein and Amino Acids (589-768)
11. Macronutrients and Healthful Diets (769-879)
12. Physical Activity (880-935)
13. Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients (936-967)
14. A Research Agenda (968-971)
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (972-977)
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (978-984)
Appendix C: Acknowledgments (985-987)
Appendix D: Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (988-1027)
Appendix E: Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996, 1998 (1028-1065)
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990-1997 (1066-1075)
Appendix G: Special Analyses for Dietary Fats (1076-1077)
Appendix H: Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (1078-1103)
Appendix I: Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy Expenditure (1104-1202)
Appendix J: Association of Added Sugar Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients (1203-1225)
Appendix K: Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996, 1998 (1226-1243)
Appendix L: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (1244-1249)
Appendix M: Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults (1250-1258)
Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (1259-1274)
Index (1275-1318)
Summary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes (1319-1331)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE D-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Added Sugars (tsp), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–3 y 2,174 13.2 0.4 1.8 3.4 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 19.3 9.3 11.7 13.1 Standard error   0.4 2.2 1.9 1.6 M, 9–13 y 1,219 28.6 16.8 19.7 21.4 Standard error   0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 M, 14–18 y 909 36.9 15.5 20.5 23.4 Standard error   1.4 13.8 11.1 9.3 M, 19–30 y 1,902 31.5 10.7 15.3 18.1 Standard error   0.8 2.6 2.4 2.1 M, 31–50 y 2,533 25.4 3.5 6.9 9.5 Standard error   0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 M, 51–70 y 1,942 18.0 3.1 5.5 7.2 Standard error   0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 M, 71+ y 1,255 14.3 3.9 5.8 7.1 Standard error   0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 F, 9–13 y 1,216 21.9 9.3 12.1 13.8 Standard error   0.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 F, 14–18 y 949 25.4 9.0 12.6 14.8 Standard error   1.2 5.5 4.8 4.2 F, 19–30 y 1,901 22.3 4.8 8.0 10.2 Standard error   0.7 1.4 1.6 1.4

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 6.8 10.9 17.7 25.3 30.9 45.5 15.6 18.9 22.4 26.0 28.3 33.0 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.0 2.7 4.3 24.5 28.2 32.3 36.3 38.9 44.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 28.9 35.7 43.5 51.8 57.3 69.1 6.0 1.9 4.5 10.6 14.9 24.4 23.5 30.3 38.1 46.4 51.9 63.6 1.6 0.9 1.4 2.9 4.1 7.0 15.0 22.8 33.0 44.2 52.2 70.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.6 2.3 4.6 10.8 16.2 23.2 31.2 36.8 49.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 2.9 9.7 13.3 17.8 22.7 26.0 33.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.1 3.5 17.0 21.1 25.9 30.9 34.3 41.6 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.5 4.2 18.9 24.3 30.6 37.3 41.8 51.4 2.9 1.4 2.5 5.5 7.8 13.3 14.6 20.8 28.4 36.6 42.1 53.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 2.0 2.9 4.8

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th F, 31–50 y 2,939 17.3 2.6 4.9 6.6 Standard error   0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 F, 51–70 y 2,065 12.8 2.5 4.2 5.3 Standard error   0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 F, 71+ y 1,368 10.5 2.1 3.5 4.5 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Pregnant 346 21.0 5.5 8.6 10.6 Standard error   1.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 Lactating 99 19.7 12.0 14.0 15.1 Standard error   2.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 Pregnant/lactating 440 21.2 4.9 8.1 10.2 Standard error   1.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 All individuals 25,820 21.1 4.0 6.9 8.9 Standard error   0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 All individuals (+P/L) 26,260 21.1 4.0 6.9 8.9 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distribution for children 2–3 years of age is unadjusted. The mean and percentiles for this group were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 10.4 15.7 22.5 29.8 34.9 47.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.9 7.8 11.5 16.3 21.7 25.3 34.4 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.8 1.5 3.3 6.6 9.7 13.4 17.6 20.6 27.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.1 2.1 14.5 19.7 26.1 33.1 38.0 48.4 2.2 1.2 2.2 4.5 6.4 10.8 17.2 19.5 22.0 24.4 25.8 28.7 2.2 2.6 3.2 4.0 4.7 6.2 14.3 19.8 26.6 34.1 39.2 50.5 2.4 1.4 1.9 4.4 6.6 12.1 13.1 19.2 27.0 35.8 41.9 55.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 13.1 19.1 27.0 35.8 42.0 55.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Alanine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.72 0.20 0.30 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.32 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.19 0.50 0.90 1.10 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.82 1.75 2.01 2.16 Standard error   0.04 0.60 0.47 0.39 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.73 1.90 2.34 2.59 Standard error   0.08 0.24 0.20 0.17 M, 14–18 y 909 4.68 2.25 2.81 3.15 Standard error   0.13 0.70 0.59 0.51 M, 19–30 y 1,902 5.27 2.94 3.50 3.82 Standard error   0.13 0.11 0.14 0.15 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.88 2.54 3.10 3.43 Standard error   0.09 0.26 0.24 0.22 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.24 1.75 2.33 2.67 Standard error   0.08 0.12 0.11 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.49 1.51 1.97 2.24 Standard error   0.06 0.14 0.12 0.11 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.99 2.04 2.29 2.43 Standard error   0.07 0.60 0.47 0.39 F, 14–18 y 949 2.91 0.96 1.40 1.67 Standard error   0.09 0.17 0.15 0.13 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.16 1.63 1.99 2.20 Standard error   0.08 0.26 0.22 0.19 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.23 1.78 2.14 2.34 Standard error   0.05 0.21 0.18 0.15 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.92 1.37 1.74 1.95 Standard error   0.04 0.10 0.09 0.08 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.62 1.19 1.53 1.73 Standard error   0.05 0.14 0.12 0.10 Pregnant 346 3.76 2.18 2.57 2.79 Standard error   0.18 0.14 0.17 0.18 Lactating 99 4.40 3.07 3.43 3.63 Standard error   0.25 0.19 0.21 0.22 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.91 2.29 2.70 2.94 Standard error   0.15 0.12 0.13 0.13 All individuals 28,575 3.63 1.30 1.79 2.08 Standard error   0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.64 1.32 1.81 2.10 Standard error   0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.50 0.60 0.80 1.20 1.40 2.10 0.80 1.20 1.70 2.10 2.60 3.40 1.50 2.00 2.70 3.40 3.90 5.10 2.44 2.78 3.15 3.52 3.75 4.23 0.24 0.06 0.20 0.44 0.59 0.92 3.05 3.63 4.29 5.00 5.48 6.52 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.62 3.77 4.56 5.45 6.35 6.94 8.15 0.34 0.15 0.30 0.65 0.90 1.46 4.42 5.17 6.00 6.84 7.38 8.49 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.23 4.03 4.77 5.61 6.47 7.05 8.30 0.19 0.10 0.17 0.28 0.36 0.61 3.29 4.06 4.98 6.04 6.80 8.51 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.40 2.73 3.34 4.08 4.91 5.50 6.84 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.39 2.67 2.97 3.28 3.59 3.78 4.16 0.24 0.08 0.21 0.44 0.60 0.93 2.16 2.78 3.51 4.30 4.86 6.05 0.10 0.09 0.14 0.25 0.34 0.59 2.59 3.09 3.66 4.21 4.57 5.37 0.14 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.36 0.63 2.71 3.17 3.68 4.19 4.53 5.25 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.41 2.35 2.84 3.40 3.99 4.39 5.23 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.24 2.09 2.54 3.06 3.61 3.98 4.77 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.40 3.20 3.70 4.25 4.80 5.16 5.87 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.35 3.97 4.38 4.80 5.20 5.45 5.93 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.34 3.36 3.87 4.42 4.95 5.28 5.95 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 2.65 3.42 4.37 5.44 6.20 7.94 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 2.66 3.44 4.38 5.44 6.19 7.88 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.19

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Arginine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.87 0.20 0.40 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.53 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.52 0.60 1.00 1.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 3.25 2.17 2.43 2.58 Standard error   0.06 0.42 0.34 0.29 M, 9–13 y 1,219 4.34 2.32 2.80 3.08 Standard error   0.16 0.42 0.39 0.36 M, 14–18 y 909 5.33 2.77 3.38 3.74 Standard error   0.14 0.93 0.77 0.67 M, 19–30 y 1,902 6.04 3.36 4.00 4.38 Standard error   0.14 0.11 0.14 0.15 M, 31–50 y 2,533 5.61 2.70 3.40 3.80 Standard error   0.10 0.26 0.23 0.23 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.88 1.91 2.58 2.98 Standard error   0.10 0.12 0.11 0.11 M, 71+ y 1,255 4.01 1.79 2.29 2.59 Standard error   0.07 0.15 0.13 0.12 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.46 2.60 2.83 2.96 Standard error   0.08 1.13 0.87 0.71 F, 14–18 y 949 3.39 1.26 1.75 2.04 Standard error   0.10 0.22 0.18 0.16 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.65 1.78 2.21 2.45 Standard error   0.11 0.24 0.20 0.18 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.71 2.19 2.57 2.79 Standard error   0.05 0.25 0.21 0.18 F, 51–70 y 2,065 3.33 1.59 2.01 2.25 Standard error   0.05 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.97 1.45 1.81 2.02 Standard error   0.05 0.15 0.13 0.12 Pregnant 346 4.31 2.51 2.96 3.22 Standard error   0.21 0.33 0.44 0.43 Lactating 99 5.08 3.56 3.99 4.23 Standard error   0.27 0.27 0.30 0.30 Pregnant/lactating 440 4.48 2.64 3.12 3.39 Standard error   0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 All individuals 28,575 4.17 1.51 2.07 2.40 Standard error   0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 4.18 1.54 2.09 2.42 Standard error   0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.50 0.70 1.10 1.60 1.90 2.80 1.00 1.40 1.90 2.50 2.90 4.30 1.70 2.30 3.10 3.90 4.60 5.80 2.86 3.21 3.60 3.97 4.20 4.66 0.20 0.07 0.17 0.34 0.45 0.69 3.60 4.23 4.96 5.72 6.25 7.38 0.27 0.19 0.32 0.52 0.70 1.24 4.40 5.22 6.14 7.07 7.66 8.88 0.45 0.18 0.35 0.79 1.10 1.78 5.07 5.92 6.88 7.84 8.46 9.72 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.26 4.50 5.50 6.50 7.60 8.30 10.00 0.24 0.11 0.24 0.29 0.36 0.63 3.72 4.64 5.77 7.07 8.01 10.13 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.38 3.13 3.83 4.68 5.64 6.33 7.89 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.45 3.18 3.45 3.73 3.99 4.15 4.48 0.43 0.11 0.34 0.74 1.00 1.53 2.58 3.25 4.04 4.90 5.49 6.76 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.27 0.38 0.64 2.92 3.54 4.26 4.96 5.43 6.53 0.13 0.09 0.20 0.32 0.42 0.77 3.18 3.65 4.18 4.70 5.04 5.76 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.27 0.45 2.69 3.24 3.86 4.52 4.96 5.90 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.26 2.41 2.91 3.46 4.02 4.37 5.11 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.22 0.34 3.68 4.25 4.88 5.49 5.89 6.68 0.32 0.25 0.42 0.55 0.56 0.44 4.62 5.07 5.53 5.94 6.19 6.66 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.39 3.86 4.43 5.05 5.64 6.01 6.74 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.25 3.04 3.93 5.02 6.25 7.11 9.10 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.18 3.06 3.95 5.03 6.25 7.10 9.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.20

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Aspartic Acid (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.61 0.50 0.70 0.90 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 2.69 0.80 1.10 1.40 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 4.08 1.00 1.70 2.20 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 5.15 3.40 3.84 4.10 Standard error   0.07 0.53 0.42 0.36 M, 9–13 y 1,219 6.76 3.50 4.30 4.80 Standard error   0.16 0.42 0.34 0.29 M, 14–18 y 909 8.34 4.50 5.40 6.00 Standard error   0.22 1.16 0.97 0.84 M, 19–30 y 1,902 9.31 5.30 6.30 6.80 Standard error   0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 M, 31–50 y 2,533 8.67 4.20 5.20 5.90 Standard error   0.16 0.41 0.36 0.33 M, 51–70 y 1,942 7.58 3.20 4.20 4.80 Standard error   0.14 0.22 0.20 0.19 M, 71+ y 1,255 6.32 2.80 3.60 4.10 Standard error   0.10 0.25 0.21 0.18 F, 9–13 y 1,216 5.47 3.14 3.72 4.06 Standard error   0.13 0.09 0.09 0.09 F, 14–18 y 949 5.32 2.00 2.80 3.30 Standard error   0.15 0.28 0.23 0.20 F, 19–30 y 1,901 5.69 3.04 3.67 4.03 Standard error   0.14 0.46 0.37 0.32 F, 31–50 y 2,939 5.79 3.30 3.92 4.28 Standard error   0.08 0.37 0.30 0.26 F, 51–70 y 2,065 5.27 2.51 3.17 3.55 Standard error   0.07 0.14 0.13 0.12 F, 71+ y 1,368 4.75 2.13 2.77 3.14 Standard error   0.09 0.17 0.14 0.13 Pregnant 346 6.81 4.00 4.70 5.10 Standard error   0.28 0.39 0.39 0.35 Lactating 99 8.09 5.65 6.34 6.71 Standard error   0.45 0.52 0.56 0.55 Pregnant/lactating 440 7.12 4.23 4.97 5.40 Standard error   0.26 0.22 0.22 0.23 All individuals 28,575 6.52 2.50 3.30 3.90 Standard error   0.06 0.09 0.08 0.08 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 6.54 2.50 3.40 3.90 Standard error   0.06 0.10 0.09 0.08 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 1.10 1.40 1.90 2.60 3.10 4.30 1.70 2.40 3.40 4.30 5.10 7.00 2.90 3.90 5.00 6.20 7.20 9.40 4.55 5.10 5.69 6.27 6.63 7.36 0.23 0.09 0.17 0.38 0.52 0.81 5.60 6.60 7.70 9.00 9.80 11.60 0.22 0.16 0.22 0.37 0.51 0.89 7.00 8.20 9.50 10.90 11.70 13.50 0.57 0.26 0.45 0.97 1.33 2.13 7.90 9.20 10.60 12.00 12.90 14.70 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.32 7.00 8.50 10.10 11.70 12.90 15.40 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.37 0.53 0.95 5.90 7.30 8.90 10.80 12.10 15.10 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.27 0.37 0.66 5.00 6.10 7.40 8.80 9.80 12.10 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.25 0.37 0.67 4.66 5.40 6.20 6.99 7.49 8.49 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.20 4.10 5.10 6.30 7.60 8.50 10.30 0.16 0.15 0.21 0.35 0.48 0.79 4.70 5.58 6.56 7.47 8.06 9.36 0.23 0.14 0.25 0.44 0.60 1.07 4.92 5.70 6.56 7.42 7.98 9.18 0.18 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.39 0.68 4.25 5.12 6.12 7.16 7.86 9.33 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.30 3.80 4.62 5.55 6.52 7.18 8.58 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.31 0.59 5.83 6.72 7.69 8.65 9.26 10.48 0.29 0.31 0.48 0.63 0.67 0.65 7.35 8.07 8.82 9.50 9.92 10.71 0.51 0.47 0.50 0.56 0.57 0.55 6.14 7.04 8.01 8.93 9.52 10.67 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.36 4.80 6.20 7.80 9.60 10.90 13.70 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.26 4.90 6.20 7.80 9.60 10.90 13.70 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.30

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-5 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Cysteine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.21 0.10 0.10 0.10 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.39 0.10 0.10 0.20 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 0.64 0.10 0.30 0.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 0.82 0.43 0.53 0.58 Standard error   0.01 0.13 0.10 0.08 M, 9–13 y 1,219 1.09 0.61 0.73 0.80 Standard error   0.05 0.12 0.12 0.12 M, 14–18 y 909 1.30 0.64 0.80 0.89 Standard error   0.04 0.13 0.11 0.09 M, 19–30 y 1,902 1.43 0.83 0.99 1.08 Standard error   0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 M, 31–50 y 2,533 1.33 0.71 0.86 0.95 Standard error   0.02 0.10 0.09 0.07 M, 51–70 y 1,942 1.16 0.49 0.65 0.74 Standard error   0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 M, 71+ y 1,255 0.98 0.45 0.57 0.65 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 F, 9–13 y 1,216 0.86 0.60 0.67 0.71 Standard error   0.02 0.14 0.11 0.09 F, 14–18 y 949 0.83 0.30 0.43 0.50 Standard error   0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 F, 19–30 y 1,901 0.89 0.53 0.62 0.67 Standard error   0.02 0.12 0.10 0.08 F, 31–50 y 2,939 0.89 0.52 0.61 0.67 Standard error   0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 F, 51–70 y 2,065 0.81 0.40 0.50 0.56 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,368 0.74 0.34 0.44 0.50 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 Pregnant 346 1.06 0.64 0.75 0.81 Standard error   0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 Lactating 99 1.27 0.90 1.01 1.07 Standard error   0.08 0.11 0.11 0.11 Pregnant/lactating 440 1.11 0.68 0.79 0.86 Standard error   0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 All individuals 28,575 1.01 0.39 0.52 0.60 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 1.01 0.40 0.53 0.61 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.90 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.80 1.40 2.00 3.10 4.20 5.00 6.10 2.70 3.50 4.60 5.60 6.40 8.50 4.07 4.61 5.20 5.76 6.12 6.83 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.13 5.12 5.89 6.75 7.65 8.24 9.52 0.33 0.15 0.28 0.61 0.86 1.42 5.70 6.80 8.10 9.40 10.30 12.00 0.37 0.22 0.30 0.58 0.79 1.26 6.48 7.23 8.06 8.86 9.37 10.39 0.55 0.17 0.48 1.02 1.39 2.15 5.40 6.40 7.50 8.70 9.60 11.30 0.16 0.10 0.14 0.29 0.40 0.68 4.40 5.40 6.60 8.00 8.90 11.00 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.21 0.30 0.54 3.66 4.56 5.64 6.79 7.55 9.19 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.35 4.17 4.73 5.34 5.93 6.31 7.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 3.63 4.39 5.23 6.06 6.59 7.67 0.21 0.13 0.23 0.42 0.56 0.88 3.76 4.45 5.22 6.02 6.54 7.63 0.15 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.38 0.62 3.69 4.36 5.11 5.87 6.37 7.41 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.29 3.18 3.91 4.74 5.59 6.14 7.28 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.30 2.94 3.60 4.34 5.08 5.57 6.55 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.27 0.43 5.04 5.75 6.52 7.27 7.74 8.69 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 6.44 7.02 7.59 8.10 8.40 8.97 0.65 0.53 0.46 0.61 0.63 0.47 5.32 6.05 6.82 7.54 7.99 8.87 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 3.90 4.90 6.20 7.60 8.50 10.60 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.21 3.90 5.00 6.20 7.60 8.50 10.60 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.21

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-15 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Serine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.93 0.30 0.50 0.50 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.57 0.50 0.70 0.80 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.39 0.60 1.10 1.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.98 1.77 2.08 2.26 Standard error   0.05 0.52 0.41 0.34 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.88 2.31 2.71 2.94 Standard error   0.11 0.39 0.32 0.27 M, 14–18 y 909 4.58 2.17 2.74 3.08 Standard error   0.12 0.43 0.38 0.34 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.91 2.88 3.40 3.68 Standard error   0.10 0.13 0.13 0.12 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.53 2.20 2.77 3.11 Standard error   0.07 0.19 0.16 0.14 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.96 1.64 2.18 2.51 Standard error   0.07 0.12 0.10 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.35 1.54 1.96 2.21 Standard error   0.05 0.11 0.10 0.09 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.09 1.86 2.18 2.36 Standard error   0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 2.93 1.23 1.63 1.86 Standard error   0.08 0.17 0.14 0.12 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.06 1.63 1.98 2.18 Standard error   0.06 0.25 0.20 0.17 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.06 1.67 2.02 2.22 Standard error   0.04 0.15 0.13 0.11 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.78 1.28 1.64 1.85 Standard error   0.04 0.08 0.08 0.09 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.53 1.14 1.46 1.66 Standard error   0.04 0.11 0.10 0.09 Pregnant 346 3.77 2.27 2.65 2.86 Standard error   0.18 0.15 0.15 0.14 Lactating 99 4.59 3.26 3.64 3.85 Standard error   0.26 0.24 0.25 0.26 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.97 2.40 2.81 3.05 Standard error   0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 All individuals 28,575 3.51 1.38 1.84 2.12 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.52 1.40 1.85 2.14 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.21 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.52 0.81 3.34 3.82 4.35 4.89 5.26 6.02 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.31 0.42 0.67 3.70 4.48 5.35 6.22 6.78 7.93 0.26 0.15 0.17 0.34 0.48 0.80 4.19 4.82 5.54 6.27 6.75 7.70 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.17 3.70 4.42 5.23 6.09 6.68 7.94 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.44 3.09 3.82 4.65 5.59 6.26 7.76 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.14 0.20 0.36 2.66 3.22 3.90 4.64 5.16 6.29 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.34 2.68 3.06 3.46 3.86 4.11 4.62 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 2.30 2.85 3.47 4.09 4.49 5.30 0.10 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.25 0.39 2.54 3.01 3.52 4.01 4.33 5.02 0.12 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.28 0.49 2.57 3.01 3.48 3.96 4.27 4.93 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.27 2.23 2.70 3.24 3.79 4.16 4.94 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.31 2.02 2.46 2.97 3.47 3.80 4.46 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.16 0.22 3.25 3.72 4.24 4.74 5.06 5.70 0.16 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 4.19 4.59 4.98 5.34 5.55 5.97 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.29 3.46 3.94 4.45 4.94 5.24 5.84 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 2.65 3.34 4.18 5.09 5.73 7.15 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.14 2.66 3.35 4.19 5.09 5.73 7.11 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.15

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-16 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Threonine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.82 0.30 0.40 0.50 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.33 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.97 0.50 0.80 1.10 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.46 1.55 1.78 1.91 Standard error   0.03 0.35 0.27 0.23 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.21 1.82 2.15 2.35 Standard error   0.08 0.24 0.20 0.17 M, 14–18 y 909 3.92 1.89 2.37 2.65 Standard error   0.11 0.52 0.44 0.38 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.29 2.42 2.87 3.14 Standard error   0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 M, 31–50 y 2,533 3.95 1.93 2.41 2.70 Standard error   0.08 0.19 0.16 0.14 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.45 1.35 1.83 2.12 Standard error   0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07 M, 71+ y 1,255 2.86 1.22 1.60 1.82 Standard error   0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.57 1.49 1.77 1.92 Standard error   0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 F, 14–18 y 949 2.45 0.93 1.29 1.50 Standard error   0.07 0.15 0.12 0.10 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.61 1.33 1.64 1.81 Standard error   0.06 0.21 0.17 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.64 1.45 1.75 1.91 Standard error   0.04 0.16 0.13 0.11 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.40 1.12 1.42 1.60 Standard error   0.03 0.08 0.07 0.07 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.17 0.95 1.25 1.42 Standard error   0.04 0.10 0.08 0.08 Pregnant 346 3.22 1.93 2.28 2.48 Standard error   0.20 0.21 0.24 0.27 Lactating 99 3.88 2.72 3.04 3.22 Standard error   0.21 0.18 0.19 0.20 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.36 1.99 2.34 2.54 Standard error   0.13 0.11 0.11 0.12 All individuals 28,575 3.01 1.16 1.55 1.79 Standard error   0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.02 1.18 1.56 1.80 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.60 0.70 0.90 1.20 1.50 2.10 0.90 1.20 1.60 2.20 2.60 3.50 1.40 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.50 4.50 2.15 2.43 2.74 3.05 3.24 3.62 0.14 0.04 0.12 0.26 0.35 0.54 2.71 3.15 3.65 4.15 4.47 5.12 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.22 0.31 0.58 3.17 3.82 4.56 5.30 5.78 6.76 0.27 0.13 0.20 0.44 0.60 0.97 3.62 4.21 4.87 5.53 5.95 6.81 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.16 3.21 3.85 4.57 5.30 5.81 6.90 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.19 0.26 0.43 2.64 3.29 4.08 4.98 5.62 7.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.29 2.23 2.74 3.36 4.06 4.56 5.67 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.29 2.20 2.54 2.91 3.27 3.49 3.95 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 1.89 2.37 2.93 3.51 3.90 4.74 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.43 2.13 2.55 3.02 3.47 3.76 4.41 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.48 2.22 2.59 3.01 3.43 3.70 4.29 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.18 0.31 1.93 2.33 2.79 3.27 3.58 4.24 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.19 1.72 2.10 2.54 2.99 3.30 3.94 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.14 0.27 2.80 3.17 3.58 4.01 4.30 4.92 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 3.52 3.87 4.23 4.57 4.77 5.17 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.27 2.90 3.32 3.78 4.22 4.49 5.04 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 2.24 2.85 3.60 4.41 4.99 6.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.13 2.26 2.87 3.61 4.41 4.98 6.23 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.14

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-17 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Tryptophan (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.10 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.41 0.10 0.20 0.20 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 0.62 0.10 0.30 0.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 0.77 0.47 0.54 0.58 Standard error   0.01 0.15 0.12 0.10 M, 9–13 y 1,219 1.00 0.55 0.66 0.72 Standard error   0.02 0.09 0.08 0.07 M, 14–18 y 909 1.20 0.56 0.71 0.80 Standard error   0.03 0.26 0.21 0.18 M, 19–30 y 1,902 1.28 0.74 0.88 0.96 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.06 0.06 M, 31–50 y 2,533 1.18 0.61 0.76 0.84 Standard error   0.02 0.12 0.10 0.09 M, 51–70 y 1,942 1.04 0.41 0.56 0.64 Standard error   0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 M, 71+ y 1,255 0.87 0.38 0.49 0.56 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 F, 9–13 y 1,216 0.80 0.47 0.56 0.61 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 F, 14–18 y 949 0.76 0.33 0.43 0.50 Standard error   0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 F, 19–30 y 1,901 0.80 0.42 0.51 0.56 Standard error   0.02 0.06 0.06 0.05 F, 31–50 y 2,939 0.80 0.43 0.52 0.57 Standard error   0.01 0.05 0.04 0.03 F, 51–70 y 2,065 0.73 0.34 0.43 0.49 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,368 0.67 0.31 0.40 0.45 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 Pregnant 346 0.99 0.59 0.69 0.75 Standard error   0.04 0.07 0.11 0.11 Lactating 99 1.22 0.87 0.97 1.03 Standard error   0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 Pregnant/lactating 440 1.05 0.63 0.74 0.80 Standard error   0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 All individuals 28,575 0.91 0.36 0.48 0.55 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 0.91 0.37 0.48 0.56 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.80 1.00 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.10 1.40 0.66 0.76 0.86 0.96 1.03 1.16 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.23 0.84 0.98 1.14 1.30 1.41 1.62 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.97 1.17 1.40 1.63 1.77 2.07 0.12 0.04 0.10 0.22 0.30 0.48 1.09 1.26 1.45 1.64 1.76 2.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.98 1.15 1.35 1.55 1.69 1.98 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.23 1.49 1.68 2.11 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.68 0.84 1.02 1.23 1.37 1.69 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.69 0.79 0.90 1.00 1.07 1.20 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.61 0.74 0.89 1.05 1.16 1.37 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.66 0.78 0.92 1.06 1.14 1.33 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.66 0.78 0.91 1.04 1.13 1.31 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.59 0.71 0.85 0.99 1.08 1.28 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.54 0.65 0.78 0.90 0.98 1.16 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.85 0.98 1.12 1.25 1.34 1.51 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.09 1.12 1.22 1.32 1.41 1.47 1.57 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.91 1.04 1.18 1.30 1.38 1.54 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.69 0.87 1.09 1.32 1.48 1.80 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.69 0.88 1.09 1.32 1.47 1.79 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-18 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Tyrosine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.78 0.30 0.40 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.29 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.90 0.40 0.80 1.00 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.37 1.48 1.71 1.84 Standard error   0.03 0.41 0.32 0.26 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.09 1.79 2.12 2.31 Standard error   0.08 0.26 0.21 0.18 M, 14–18 y 909 3.69 1.85 2.29 2.55 Standard error   0.10 0.39 0.33 0.29 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.00 2.29 2.71 2.96 Standard error   0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 M, 31–50 y 2,533 3.62 1.75 2.21 2.47 Standard error   0.06 0.16 0.14 0.12 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.11 1.22 1.65 1.91 Standard error   0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 M, 71+ y 1,255 2.59 1.11 1.45 1.65 Standard error   0.04 0.08 0.07 0.06 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.47 1.47 1.73 1.87 Standard error   0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 2.33 0.99 1.30 1.49 Standard error   0.06 0.21 0.18 0.15 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.43 1.23 1.52 1.69 Standard error   0.05 0.21 0.17 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.41 1.30 1.58 1.73 Standard error   0.03 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.17 0.98 1.26 1.42 Standard error   0.03 0.06 0.06 0.05 F, 71+ y 1,368 1.96 0.83 1.09 1.24 Standard error   0.04 0.09 0.08 0.07 Pregnant 346 2.97 1.88 2.18 2.33 Standard error   0.23 0.41 0.41 0.30 Lactating 99 3.63 2.56 2.87 3.03 Standard error   0.22 0.33 0.45 0.46 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.15 1.90 2.23 2.41 Standard error   0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 All individuals 28,575 2.78 1.09 1.44 1.66 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 2.79 1.10 1.46 1.68 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.60 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.40 2.10 0.80 1.10 1.60 2.10 2.60 3.20 1.40 1.80 2.30 3.00 3.30 4.30 2.07 2.35 2.65 2.94 3.13 3.50 0.16 0.04 0.14 0.30 0.40 0.61 2.64 3.04 3.48 3.94 4.24 4.87 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.25 0.41 3.03 3.62 4.28 4.93 5.35 6.21 0.21 0.12 0.16 0.32 0.44 0.72 3.40 3.94 4.54 5.13 5.51 6.28 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 2.94 3.52 4.18 4.88 5.36 6.38 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.16 0.23 0.39 2.38 2.97 3.68 4.49 5.06 6.33 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.26 2.01 2.48 3.04 3.66 4.10 5.07 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.23 2.13 2.44 2.77 3.09 3.30 3.72 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 1.83 2.27 2.75 3.24 3.55 4.17 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.21 0.28 0.43 1.99 2.37 2.81 3.24 3.52 4.14 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.46 2.02 2.37 2.76 3.15 3.40 3.94 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.21 1.73 2.11 2.55 2.99 3.28 3.87 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.13 1.53 1.90 2.32 2.75 3.02 3.58 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.21 2.57 2.89 3.30 3.74 4.03 4.60 0.17 0.42 0.45 0.31 0.23 0.25 3.31 3.63 3.95 4.24 4.42 4.75 0.38 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.38 0.33 2.74 3.12 3.54 3.94 4.18 4.67 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 2.09 2.66 3.34 4.06 4.55 5.59 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 2.10 2.67 3.34 4.06 4.54 5.55 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE D-19 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Valine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.04 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.80 0.50 0.70 0.90 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.70 0.60 1.10 1.50 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 3.36 2.08 2.40 2.59 Standard error   0.05 0.60 0.47 0.39 M, 9–13 y 1,219 4.33 2.59 3.04 3.29 Standard error   0.09 0.40 0.33 0.28 M, 14–18 y 909 5.18 2.52 3.15 3.53 Standard error   0.14 0.54 0.46 0.41 M, 19–30 y 1,902 5.63 3.23 3.82 4.16 Standard error   0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 M, 31–50 y 2,533 5.17 2.57 3.19 3.56 Standard error   0.10 0.25 0.22 0.19 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.51 1.81 2.42 2.79 Standard error   0.08 0.12 0.10 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.76 1.59 2.09 2.39 Standard error   0.06 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.48 2.06 2.42 2.63 Standard error   0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 3.31 1.33 1.80 2.08 Standard error   0.09 0.26 0.21 0.18 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.47 1.78 2.19 2.42 Standard error   0.07 0.27 0.22 0.19 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.48 1.91 2.30 2.52 Standard error   0.05 0.21 0.17 0.14 F, 51–70 y 2,065 3.16 1.45 1.86 2.10 Standard error   0.04 0.08 0.07 0.07 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.88 1.25 1.63 1.86 Standard error   0.05 0.16 0.14 0.12 Pregnant 346 4.25 2.75 3.09 3.24 Standard error   0.26 0.53 0.23 0.41 Lactating 99 5.19 3.66 4.10 4.33 Standard error   0.31 0.29 0.33 0.33 Pregnant/lactating 440 4.51 2.71 3.17 3.43 Standard error   0.17 0.14 0.15 0.15 All individuals 28,575 3.98 1.54 2.06 2.39 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.99 1.56 2.08 2.41 Standard error   0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.90 1.10 1.60 2.20 3.00 3.60 4.40 1.90 2.50 3.30 4.10 4.70 6.30 2.92 3.32 3.75 4.17 4.43 4.96 0.23 0.06 0.20 0.43 0.58 0.89 3.73 4.26 4.85 5.45 5.84 6.65 0.19 0.10 0.18 0.33 0.45 0.74 4.21 5.07 6.02 6.98 7.60 8.85 0.30 0.17 0.23 0.45 0.62 1.02 4.78 5.54 6.37 7.20 7.73 8.79 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.19 4.23 5.05 5.96 6.90 7.55 8.95 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.23 0.32 0.53 3.47 4.32 5.32 6.45 7.27 9.14 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.20 0.39 2.93 3.60 4.41 5.32 5.97 7.41 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.33 3.00 3.44 3.91 4.37 4.66 5.24 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 2.59 3.21 3.92 4.66 5.15 6.18 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.27 0.38 0.67 2.85 3.40 4.01 4.60 4.98 5.82 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.33 0.59 2.93 3.42 3.97 4.51 4.87 5.63 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.17 0.23 0.40 2.53 3.08 3.70 4.34 4.77 5.67 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.17 2.28 2.80 3.40 4.00 4.39 5.17 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.36 3.57 4.14 4.83 5.45 5.80 6.53 0.58 0.36 0.80 0.67 0.41 0.32 4.73 5.18 5.64 6.05 6.31 6.79 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.37 0.37 3.90 4.46 5.06 5.64 6.00 6.72 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.22 2.99 3.78 4.75 5.80 6.55 8.19 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.15 3.00 3.80 4.77 5.80 6.54 8.15 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.17

Representative terms from entire chapter:

daily intake