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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)

Page
1028
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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids

E
Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998

TABLE E-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Energy (kcal), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)

 

 

 

Percentile

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 0–6 mo

596

718

351

450

508

Standard error

 

10

20

15

14

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

530

999

538

657

725

Standard error

 

16

24

19

17

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,949

1,404

730

905

999

Standard error

 

9

10

9

8

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,935

1,789

1,047

1,243

1,345

Standard error

 

13

21

15

15

M, 9–13 y

595

2,265

1,289

1,550

1,694

Standard error

 

40

63

53

48

M, 14–18 y

474

2,840

1,344

1,676

1,877

Standard error

 

68

82

69

64

M, 19–30 y

920

2,818

1,223

1,607

1,834

Standard error

 

55

56

56

56

M, 31–50 y

1,806

2,554

1,180

1,512

1,695

Standard error

 

34

30

23

30

M, 51–70 y

1,680

2,162

962

1,257

1,430

Standard error

 

29

74

27

43

M, 71+ y

722

1,821

794

1,033

1,176

Standard error

 

28

64

36

29
Page
1028
Front Matter (R1-R26)
Summary (1-20)
1. Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-37)
2. Methods and Approaches Used (38-52)
3. Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease (53-83)
4. A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (84-106)
5. Energy (107-264)
6. Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches (265-338)
7. Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber (339-421)
8. Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids (422-541)
9. Cholesterol (542-588)
10. Protein and Amino Acids (589-768)
11. Macronutrients and Healthful Diets (769-879)
12. Physical Activity (880-935)
13. Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients (936-967)
14. A Research Agenda (968-971)
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms (972-977)
Appendix B: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (978-984)
Appendix C: Acknowledgments (985-987)
Appendix D: Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (988-1027)
Appendix E: Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996, 1998 (1028-1065)
Appendix F: Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990-1997 (1066-1075)
Appendix G: Special Analyses for Dietary Fats (1076-1077)
Appendix H: Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (1078-1103)
Appendix I: Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy Expenditure (1104-1202)
Appendix J: Association of Added Sugar Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients (1203-1225)
Appendix K: Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996, 1998 (1226-1243)
Appendix L: Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (1244-1249)
Appendix M: Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults (1250-1258)
Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (1259-1274)
Index (1275-1318)
Summary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes (1319-1331)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids E Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998 TABLE E-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Energy (kcal), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 718 351 450 508 Standard error   10 20 15 14 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 999 538 657 725 Standard error   16 24 19 17 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 1,404 730 905 999 Standard error   9 10 9 8 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 1,789 1,047 1,243 1,345 Standard error   13 21 15 15 M, 9–13 y 595 2,265 1,289 1,550 1,694 Standard error   40 63 53 48 M, 14–18 y 474 2,840 1,344 1,676 1,877 Standard error   68 82 69 64 M, 19–30 y 920 2,818 1,223 1,607 1,834 Standard error   55 56 56 56 M, 31–50 y 1,806 2,554 1,180 1,512 1,695 Standard error   34 30 23 30 M, 51–70 y 1,680 2,162 962 1,257 1,430 Standard error   29 74 27 43 M, 71+ y 722 1,821 794 1,033 1,176 Standard error   28 64 36 29

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 597 687 810 966 1,083 1,352 10 13 12 19 29 61 843 976 1,128 1,300 1,422 1,685 15 15 20 30 40 66 1,162 1,372 1,612 1,849 2,007 2,350 8 9 11 13 16 27 1,534 1,759 2,012 2,272 2,435 2,792 12 12 17 21 32 41 1,940 2,226 2,545 2,885 3,118 3,619 42 41 47 63 79 123 2,256 2,748 3,324 3,923 4,322 5,159 57 70 106 132 155 270 2,236 2,718 3,284 3,921 4,374 5,378 56 56 67 96 126 216 2,032 2,476 2,984 3,500 3,859 4,703 30 32 47 69 89 154 1,738 2,109 2,525 2,959 3,250 3,856 55 29 66 51 66 259 1,440 1,773 2,150 2,527 2,771 3,268 28 31 49 55 68 155

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th F, 9–13 y 606 1,910 1,103 1,298 1,412 Standard error   35 34 29 28 F, 14–18 y 449 1,901 1,016 1,238 1,365 Standard error   51 112 95 100 F, 19–30 y 808 1,791 896 1,115 1,242 Standard error   31 45 41 39 F, 31–50 y 1,690 1,694 809 1,040 1,171 Standard error   17 21 20 19 F, 51–70 y 1,605 1,536 755 952 1,065 Standard error   19 22 19 19 F, 71+ y 670 1,381 677 851 952 Standard error   22 49 25 29 Pregnant 81 1,986 1,173 1,401 1,525 Standard error   153 187 153 142 Lactating 44 2,138 1,126 1,346 1,479 Standard error   155 279 243 221 Pregnant/lactating 124 2,115 1,188 1,425 1,560 Standard error   65 112 102 96 All individuals 21,035 2,007 749 1,005 1,166 Standard error   14 8 7 8 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 2,009 751 1,008 1,169 Standard error   14 7 7 8 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 1,619 1,877 2,164 2,452 2,637 3,015 27 32 45 63 77 109 1,594 1,872 2,177 2,473 2,661 3,034 92 55 64 72 77 193 1,473 1,757 2,073 2,384 2,582 2,979 34 30 43 56 63 89 1,396 1,659 1,953 2,262 2,471 2,910 18 17 20 25 30 48 1,266 1,507 1,772 2,040 2,218 2,587 17 18 22 31 37 49 1,134 1,356 1,602 1,842 1,994 2,298 34 23 36 33 40 118 1,736 1,978 2,227 2,458 2,599 2,869 138 155 190 230 258 312 1,733 2,066 2,463 2,887 3,174 3,796 188 170 206 306 396 632 1,799 2,088 2,402 2,706 2,897 3,274 84 69 67 90 114 176 1479 1,903 2,423 2,984 3,366 4,188 9 13 18 27 34 51 1,482 1,905 2,423 2,983 3,363 4,180 9 12 18 26 33 51

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Carbohydrate (g), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 85 39 49 55 Standard error   1 4 2 1 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 134 72 86 94 Standard error   2 3 2 2 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 191 93 117 131 Standard error   1 1 1 1 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 244 139 167 181 Standard error   2 3 2 2 M, 9–13 y 595 306 164 198 218 Standard error   6 9 7 7 M, 14–18 y 474 379 168 214 242 Standard error   10 10 9 8 M, 19–30 y 920 345 140 189 216 Standard error   7 7 7 6 M, 31–50 y 1,806 308 126 169 195 Standard error   5 4 4 4 M, 51–70 y 1,680 262 99 139 162 Standard error   4 4 4 4 M, 71+ y 722 230 92 123 142 Standard error   4 5 4 4 F, 9–13 y 606 263 142 171 188 Standard error   6 4 4 4 F, 14–18 y 449 259 122 154 174 Standard error   7 11 10 10 F, 19–30 y 808 234 101 133 152 Standard error   4 7 7 8 F, 31–50 y 1,690 215 87 118 137 Standard error   2 3 3 3 F, 51–70 y 1,605 195 86 112 127 Standard error   2 3 2 2 F, 71+ y 670 182 78 103 118 Standard error   3 4 3 3 Pregnant 81 277 158 188 206 Standard error   12 25 20 18 Lactating 44 294 135 171 193 Standard error   27 54 47 42 Pregnant/lactating 124 285 143 177 197 Standard error   11 20 18 17 All individuals 21,035 256 89 123 145 Standard error   2 1 1 1 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 256 89 123 145 Standard error   2 1 1 1 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 67 81 98 120 136 173 2 1 3 3 5 15 110 131 155 179 195 230 2 2 3 4 5 9 156 186 221 257 281 330 1 1 2 2 3 4 208 241 276 311 335 386 2 2 2 3 3 6 255 300 350 400 432 497 7 6 9 11 13 26 295 365 448 535 594 717 8 9 12 17 20 30 266 331 408 488 545 677 6 6 9 11 15 31 241 297 363 435 485 592 4 4 6 8 11 17 204 255 311 371 412 498 4 4 5 6 8 12 177 222 274 328 362 434 4 4 5 7 8 12 219 257 301 345 374 432 4 5 7 10 13 18 209 253 303 352 384 448 8 8 8 11 14 20 186 229 276 323 353 413 8 4 8 8 9 25 170 210 254 300 331 393 2 2 2 3 3 6 155 191 230 270 295 346 2 2 3 5 6 8 145 178 216 252 276 323 3 3 4 5 6 9 237 274 314 354 378 428 14 12 15 20 25 35 233 285 344 405 444 526 35 30 37 56 71 109 234 279 330 379 411 474 14 11 12 18 24 38 187 243 311 384 433 537 1 2 2 3 4 6 187 243 312 385 433 537 1 2 2 3 4 6

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Percentage of Total Energy from Carbohydrate, United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 47.3 40.0 41.3 42.0 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 54.2 41.2 44.6 46.5 Standard error   0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 54.8 41.9 45.7 47.7 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 55.0 44.5 47.6 49.3 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 M, 9–13 y 595 54.1 45.8 48.2 49.5 Standard error   0.4 0.9 0.7 0.6 M, 14–18 y 474 53.7 43.3 46.3 47.9 Standard error   0.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 M, 19–30 y 920 49.8 36.9 40.8 42.9 Standard error   0.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 M, 31–50 y 1,805 49.0 34.4 38.8 41.1 Standard error   0.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 M, 51–70 y 1,680 49.0 31.9 37.1 39.8 Standard error   0.3 0.7 0.4 0.4 M, 71+ y 722 50.8 34.0 39.0 41.6 Standard error   0.4 0.7 0.6 0.5 F, 9–13 y 606 55.2 44.6 47.7 49.4 Standard error   0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 F, 14–18 y 449 54.7 42.5 46.0 47.9 Standard error   0.6 1.1 0.9 0.8 F, 19–30 y 806 52.8 36.3 41.1 43.7 Standard error   0.4 1.1 0.8 0.7 F, 31–50 y 1,689 51.5 35.2 40.1 42.6 Standard error   0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 F, 51–70 y 1,605 51.5 35.9 40.3 42.8 Standard error   0.3 0.7 0.6 0.5 F, 71+ y 669 53.1 37.5 42.0 44.5 Standard error   0.5 1.0 0.8 0.7 Pregnant 81 53.0 44.1 46.5 47.9 Standard error   1.3 3.8 2.9 2.5 Lactating 44 53.0 41.3 45.0 46.9 Standard error   3.2 8.9 6.0 4.7 Pregnant/lactating 124 53.5 44.4 47.1 48.5 Standard error   0.9 3.7 2.7 2.2 All individuals 21,030 51.8 36.0 40.6 43.0 Standard error   0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 All individuals (+P/L) 21,154 51.8 36.0 40.6 43.1 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day. The Iowa State University (ISU) method was used to estimate individual usual intakes of energy from carbohydrate and total energy. One g of carbohydrate was assumed to provide 4 kcal of energy. A modification of the ISU method was then used to estimate the distribution of the nutrient density (Goyeneche JJ, Carriquiry A, Fuller WA. 1997. Estimating bivariate usual intake distributions. ASA Proceedings of the Biometrics Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association). Infants and children fed human milk and five individuals who had no food intake for the day were excluded from the analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 43.3 45.1 50.1 55.0 58.7 68.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.2 49.9 53.9 58.2 62.3 64.8 69.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 51.0 54.7 58.4 61.8 64.0 68.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 52.0 55.0 58.1 60.8 62.5 65.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 51.7 54.1 56.4 58.6 59.9 62.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 50.6 53.6 56.7 59.5 61.3 64.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.2 46.2 49.8 53.4 56.7 58.8 63.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.0 44.8 48.9 53.0 57.0 59.5 64.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 44.2 49.0 53.8 58.4 61.2 66.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 46.1 50.9 55.7 59.9 62.5 67.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 52.1 55.2 58.3 61.0 62.6 65.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 51.1 54.6 58.2 61.4 63.4 67.0 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 48.0 52.8 57.6 62.0 64.6 69.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 46.8 51.3 56.0 60.4 63.2 68.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 46.8 51.5 56.1 60.4 62.9 67.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 48.6 53.1 57.6 61.6 64.0 68.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 50.2 52.9 55.7 58.4 60.0 63.2 1.8 1.3 1.8 2.7 3.4 4.8 50.0 53.2 56.2 58.7 60.1 62.7 3.2 3.3 4.5 5.9 6.6 7.9 50.9 53.5 56.2 58.6 60.0 62.7 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.8 2.2 3.1 47.1 51.7 56.3 60.5 63.1 67.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 47.1 51.7 56.4 60.5 63.1 67.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Dietary Fiber (g), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 578 1.4 —b — — Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 5.7 0.9 1.9 2.5 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 9.5 3.5 4.8 5.6 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 12.2 6.0 7.4 8.3 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 M, 9–13 y 595 15.2 6.9 8.7 9.9 Standard error   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 M, 14–18 y 474 17.7 7.6 9.8 11.1 Standard error   0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 M, 19–30 y 920 18.5 5.9 8.5 10.1 Standard error   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 M, 31–50 y 1,806 18.9 6.7 9.3 10.9 Standard error   0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 M, 51–70 y 1,680 18.5 5.5 8.2 9.9 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 M, 71+ y 722 17.5 4.9 7.4 9.0 Standard error   0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 F, 9–13 y 606 12.9 6.4 7.9 8.8 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 F, 14–18 y 449 12.8 5.9 7.6 8.6 Standard error   0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 F, 19–30 y 808 12.7 4.7 6.5 7.6 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 F, 31–50 y 1,690 13.8 4.5 6.5 7.7 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 F, 51–70 y 1,605 14.4 5.1 7.1 8.3 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 F, 71+ y 670 14.0 4.3 6.3 7.6 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Pregnant 81 16.2 7.1 9.0 10.2 Standard error   1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 Lactating 44 19.3 7.0 9.5 11.0 Standard error   1.4 1.9 1.9 1.9 Pregnant/lactating 124 17.7 6.7 9.0 10.4 Standard error   0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 All individuals 21,035 15.1 3.6 5.7 7.1 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 15.2 3.6 5.7 7.1 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. b Value is less than 0.05. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th — 0.2 2.1 5.2 6.0 8.7 3.8 5.4 7.3 9.2 10.4 12.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 7.1 9.1 11.4 13.8 15.5 19.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 9.8 11.8 14.1 16.4 18.0 21.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 11.9 14.6 17.7 21.2 23.7 29.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.5 13.7 17.0 20.9 25.0 27.8 33.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.8 13.2 17.4 22.5 28.2 32.3 41.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.6 14.0 17.9 22.7 28.0 31.6 39.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 13.2 17.5 22.7 28.3 32.2 40.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 12.2 16.5 21.8 27.3 31.0 38.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.7 10.4 12.6 15.0 17.6 19.2 22.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.5 10.3 12.5 14.9 17.5 19.2 23.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.5 9.6 12.1 15.2 18.4 20.7 25.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.1 10.0 13.1 16.8 20.7 23.3 28.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.3 10.7 13.8 17.5 21.2 23.7 28.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 10.1 13.3 17.2 21.3 24.0 29.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 12.5 15.6 19.2 23.1 25.7 31.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 2.1 3.1 14.1 18.3 23.4 28.9 32.8 41.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.9 4.1 7.3 13.2 16.9 21.3 26.0 29.2 35.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.0 3.1 9.9 14.0 19.1 24.7 28.5 36.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 10.0 14.0 19.1 24.7 28.6 36.9 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-5 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Total Fat (g), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 34.8 15.0 21.5 24.8 Standard error   0.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 39.5 17.4 23.8 27.2 Standard error   0.8 1.3 1.5 1.0 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 51.0 23.3 30.1 33.8 Standard error   0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 65.4 35.0 42.0 46.0 Standard error   0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 M, 9–13 y 595 84.0 47.0 56.0 62.0 Standard error   1.6 2.7 2.2 2.0 M, 14–18 y 474 105.6 45.0 59.0 67.0 Standard error   2.8 3.8 5.2 5.5 M, 19–30 y 920 103.7 42.0 56.0 65.0 Standard error   2.3 2.8 2.8 2.7 M, 31–50 y 1,806 97.4 37.0 51.0 59.0 Standard error   1.6 1.7 1.4 1.0 M, 51–70 y 1,680 82.6 29.0 40.0 48.0 Standard error   1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 M, 71+ y 722 67.9 24.0 33.0 39.0 Standard error   1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 F, 9–13 y 606 69.5 37.0 45.0 49.0 Standard error   1.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 F, 14–18 y 449 68.7 35.0 44.0 48.0 Standard error   2.1 4.1 3.7 3.4 F, 19–30 y 808 64.6 26.0 35.0 40.0 Standard error   1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 F, 31–50 y 1,690 63.3 26.0 35.0 40.0 Standard error   0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 F, 51–70 y 1,605 56.5 22.0 29.0 34.0 Standard error   1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 F, 71+ y 670 49.4 20.0 27.0 31.0 Standard error   1.1 1.6 1.3 1.4 Pregnant 81 75.5 43.0 52.0 56.0 Standard error   5.2 6.0 5.2 4.9 Lactating 44 74.7 38.0 47.0 52.0 Standard error   5.3 9.4 7.9 7.0 Pregnant/lactating 124 76.7 41.0 50.0 55.0 Standard error   2.9 4.3 4.0 3.8 All individuals 21,035 74.7 24.0 34.0 40.0 Standard error   0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 74.7 24.0 34.0 40.0 Standard error   0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th — — — — 0.001 0.004 — — 0.001 0.005 0.007 0.014 — 0.001 0.006 0.012 0.019 0.041 — 0.002 0.007 0.017 0.027 0.065 — 0.003 0.011 0.025 0.040 0.074 — 0.005 0.015 0.033 0.052 0.098 — 0.007 0.021 0.040 0.050 0.120 — 0.009 0.022 0.044 0.067 0.188 — 0.008 0.022 0.048 0.087 0.174 — 0.005 0.016 0.042 0.070 0.130 — 0.003 0.009 0.018 0.025 0.055 — 0.005 0.013 0.020 0.032 0.065 — 0.005 0.012 0.026 0.039 0.111 — 0.006 0.015 0.029 0.047 0.107 — 0.006 0.015 0.030 0.051 0.134 — 0.005 0.013 0.029 0.043 0.093 — 0.003 0.010 0.024 0.029 0.042 — 0.009 0.016 0.029 0.040 0.093 — 0.004 0.013 0.025 0.034 0.062 — 0.005 0.015 0.032 0.050 0.118 — 0.005 0.015 0.031 0.050 0.118

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-14 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of n-3 Docosahexaneoic Acid (22:6) (g), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 —b — — — Standard error   0.001 — — — Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 0.030 — 0.001 0.001 Standard error   0.008 — — — Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 0.032 0.003 0.005 0.007 Standard error   0.001 — — — Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 0.050 0.003 0.007 0.010 Standard error   0.005 — 0.001 0.001 M, 9–13 y 595 0.063 0.003 0.007 0.011 Standard error   0.010 — 0.001 0.001 M, 14–18 y 474 0.072 0.009 0.016 0.022 Standard error   0.012 0.001 0.002 0.003 M, 19–30 y 920 0.079 0.013 0.021 0.028 Standard error   0.006 0.001 0.002 0.002 M, 31–50 y 1,806 0.094 0.017 0.028 0.035 Standard error   0.006 0.001 0.002 0.002 M, 51–70 y 1,680 0.111 0.019 0.031 0.040 Standard error   0.007 0.002 0.002 0.003 M, 71+ y 722 0.128 0.012 0.022 0.030 Standard error   0.019 0.001 0.002 0.003 F, 9–13 y 606 0.055 0.002 0.005 0.008 Standard error   0.009 — 0.001 0.001 F, 14–18 y 449 0.062 0.008 0.014 0.019 Standard error   0.009 0.001 0.002 0.003 F, 19–30 y 808 0.067 0.008 0.014 0.019 Standard error   0.006 0.001 0.001 0.002 F, 31–50 y 1,690 0.071 0.011 0.019 0.024 Standard error   0.009 0.001 0.001 0.002 F, 51–70 y 1,605 0.089 0.011 0.020 0.026 Standard error   0.006 0.001 0.001 0.002 F, 71+ y 670 0.077 0.010 0.018 0.024 Standard error   0.010 0.001 0.002 0.002 Pregnant 81 0.051 0.009 0.015 0.019 Standard error   0.014 0.002 0.004 0.005 Lactating 44 0.053 0.010 0.016 0.021 Standard error   0.019 0.003 0.005 0.006 Pregnant/lactating 124 0.052 0.009 0.015 0.019 Standard error   0.012 0.002 0.003 0.004 All individuals 21,035 0.057 0.007 0.013 0.017 Standard error   0.019 0.001 0.003 0.004 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 0.057 0.007 0.013 0.017 Standard error   0.018 0.001 0.003 0.004 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. b Value is less than 0.0005. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th — — — 0.001 0.001 0.003 — — — 0.001 0.002 0.007 0.003 0.008 0.024 0.065 0.119 0.370 — 0.001 0.005 0.016 0.032 0.118 0.013 0.023 0.041 0.066 0.088 0.148 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.008 0.018 0.035 0.063 0.107 0.144 0.251 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.015 0.028 0.021 0.041 0.079 0.138 0.191 0.344 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.023 0.033 0.065 0.034 0.057 0.092 0.141 0.180 0.284 0.005 0.009 0.016 0.026 0.034 0.058 0.042 0.066 0.101 0.146 0.181 0.269 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.012 0.015 0.023 0.052 0.079 0.120 0.171 0.211 0.311 0.003 0.004 0.007 0.011 0.014 0.023 0.060 0.093 0.142 0.205 0.255 0.380 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.014 0.019 0.031 0.050 0.089 0.159 0.266 0.363 0.651 0.006 0.011 0.023 0.043 0.063 0.127 0.017 0.034 0.068 0.123 0.174 0.325 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.020 0.028 0.054 0.030 0.049 0.080 0.121 0.155 0.242 0.004 0.007 0.012 0.018 0.024 0.040 0.031 0.052 0.086 0.132 0.170 0.271 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.014 0.019 0.032 0.037 0.058 0.090 0.133 0.167 0.253 0.003 0.006 0.011 0.019 0.025 0.042 0.042 0.069 0.113 0.173 0.222 0.350 0.002 0.004 0.008 0.014 0.019 0.035 0.037 0.061 0.098 0.149 0.190 0.297 0.004 0.007 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.045 0.028 0.043 0.066 0.094 0.115 0.167 0.007 0.011 0.018 0.028 0.036 0.055 0.030 0.046 0.068 0.095 0.116 0.168 0.009 0.015 0.024 0.036 0.046 0.071 0.029 0.044 0.066 0.094 0.115 0.168 0.006 0.009 0.015 0.023 0.029 0.045 0.028 0.046 0.074 0.111 0.139 0.209 0.007 0.014 0.024 0.039 0.052 0.083 0.028 0.046 0.074 0.111 0.139 0.209 0.007 0.013 0.024 0.039 0.051 0.082

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-15 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Cholesterol (mg), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 13 —b — 1 Standard error   1 — — — Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 74 3 7 12 Standard error   5 1 1 1 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 189 64 89 104 Standard error   2 2 2 2 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 206 81 106 122 Standard error   3 2 2 2 M, 9–13 y 595 259 135 163 179 Standard error   13 12 11 11 M, 14–18 y 474 319 135 174 198 Standard error   11 14 13 12 M, 19–30 y 920 345 120 166 193 Standard error   12 12 11 12 M, 31–50 y 1,806 345 118 165 193 Standard error   5 6 5 5 M, 51–70 y 1,680 317 107 150 176 Standard error   9 7 7 7 M, 71+ y 722 267 83 119 142 Standard error   7 5 5 5 F, 9–13 y 606 205 89 114 129 Standard error   7 6 6 7 F, 14–18 y 449 222 99 127 143 Standard error   10 16 15 14 F, 19–30 y 808 210 76 104 121 Standard error   6 8 8 7 F, 31–50 y 1,690 219 78 107 125 Standard error   4 4 4 4 F, 51–70 y 1,605 208 71 99 116 Standard error   5 4 4 4 F, 71+ y 670 189 64 89 105 Standard error   5 5 5 5 Pregnant 81 280 129 164 185 Standard error   22 22 21 20 Lactating 44 246 169 187 198 Standard error   27 56 45 39 Pregnant/lactating 124 271 121 154 174 Standard error   17 17 16 16 All individuals 21,035 256 52 85 108 Standard error   2 1 1 1 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 257 53 86 109 Standard error   2 1 1 1 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. b Value is less than 0.5. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 3 7 17 32 45 79 — — 1 3 5 11 24 47 98 174 227 348 2 3 8 13 17 26 134 175 229 292 336 430 2 2 3 5 6 9 152 194 246 304 344 431 2 2 4 7 9 15 210 250 299 350 385 460 14 16 15 15 19 32 245 306 379 455 507 616 11 11 14 21 27 41 246 323 420 527 601 766 12 12 20 25 30 51 248 324 419 525 598 753 5 5 7 11 15 24 226 295 386 486 554 697 8 9 11 14 17 25 186 248 329 417 476 598 6 7 10 14 18 27 158 195 241 292 329 410 7 7 9 12 14 22 174 214 260 310 343 416 13 11 10 13 17 29 154 199 253 313 355 448 6 6 6 10 13 22 160 206 265 330 374 471 3 4 5 8 10 16 149 195 253 318 362 455 4 5 7 9 11 16 136 178 229 286 326 412 5 6 7 9 12 18 224 273 328 383 418 489 19 21 27 38 47 68 218 243 270 297 315 352 29 26 39 62 79 117 213 262 320 379 418 499 16 16 20 28 34 49 157 230 327 439 519 698 2 2 3 5 6 10 158 230 327 438 518 696 2 2 3 5 6 9

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-16 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Protein (g), United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 15.9 7.4 9.6 10.9 Standard error   0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 28.3 11.1 14.4 16.5 Standard error   0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 50.9 24.4 31.3 34.9 Standard error   0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 62.5 33.8 40.8 44.7 Standard error   0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 M, 9–13 y 595 79.1 46.0 54.0 59.0 Standard error   1.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 M, 14–18 y 474 99.0 51.0 62.0 69.0 Standard error   2.3 4.0 3.6 3.3 M, 19–30 y 920 104.0 49.0 62.0 70.0 Standard error   2.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 M, 31–50 y 1,806 99.4 49.0 61.0 67.0 Standard error   1.1 1.6 0.9 1.2 M, 51–70 y 1,680 86.8 41.0 53.0 59.0 Standard error   1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 M, 71+ y 722 72.5 32.0 42.0 48.0 Standard error   1.2 3.0 1.7 1.8 F, 9–13 y 606 65.3 37.1 44.4 48.5 Standard error   1.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 F, 14–18 y 449 66.5 36.4 44.4 48.8 Standard error   2.0 3.9 3.5 3.7 F, 19–30 y 808 63.3 33.0 40.0 44.0 Standard error   1.4 1.9 1.6 1.7 F, 31–50 y 1,690 64.9 32.0 41.0 46.0 Standard error   0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 F, 51–70 y 1,605 61.7 32.4 40.0 44.3 Standard error   0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 F, 71+ y 670 56.4 26.8 34.0 38.2 Standard error   0.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 Pregnant 81 78.2 45.0 54.0 60.0 Standard error   2.6 9.2 7.0 5.6 Lactating 44 79.7 48.2 55.8 60.3 Standard error   4.7 6.4 5.5 5.2 Pregnant/lactating 124 79.7 43.0 53.0 58.0 Standard error   2.5 3.5 3.1 3.0 All individuals 21,035 75.2 26.0 36.0 42.0 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 All individuals (+P/L) 21,159 75.3 26.0 36.0 42.0 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 12.9 15.1 18.1 21.9 24.7 31.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.3 20.6 26.5 34.0 42.5 48.5 62.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.1 3.5 41.3 49.8 59.1 68.4 74.7 88.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.3 52.1 61.2 71.5 81.9 88.7 103.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.7 68.0 78.0 89.0 101.0 108.0 125.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 4.0 81.0 97.0 114.0 132.0 144.0 168.0 2.7 2.3 3.0 4.6 5.9 9.1 83.0 101.0 121.0 142.0 157.0 190.0 2.1 2.2 2.5 3.4 4.6 8.9 80.0 97.0 115.0 135.0 147.0 174.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.6 2.9 4.3 71.0 85.0 100.0 117.0 128.0 152.0 1.4 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.8 58.0 71.0 85.0 99.0 108.0 125.0 1.8 1.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 7.0 55.6 64.0 73.6 83.6 90.5 105.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.3 2.9 4.4 56.5 65.4 75.3 85.3 92.1 106.1 3.3 2.0 1.6 2.3 3.5 8.9 52.0 62.0 73.0 84.0 91.0 107.0 1.7 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.8 4.1 54.0 64.0 75.0 86.0 93.0 109.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.4 2.2 51.8 60.8 70.6 80.4 86.8 99.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.0 45.8 55.2 65.7 76.0 82.6 95.7 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.9 68.0 78.0 88.0 97.0 103.0 113.0 3.6 2.7 4.3 6.9 8.5 11.9 68.4 78.4 89.6 100.8 108.1 122.9 4.9 5.0 5.6 6.9 8.1 11.5 68.0 79.0 91.0 102.0 109.0 122.0 2.7 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.2 54.0 71.0 92.0 114.0 129.0 160.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.8 55.0 71.0 92.0 114.0 129.0 160.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.7

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-17 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Percentage of Total Energy from Protein, United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 596 8.9 7.3 7.7 7.8 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 530 11.1 6.6 7.6 8.2 Standard error   0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,949 14.6 10.1 11.4 12.0 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,935 14.1 10.4 11.4 11.9 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 M, 9–13 y 595 14.2 10.9 11.8 12.3 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 M, 14–18 y 474 14.3 11.4 12.3 12.7 Standard error   0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 M, 19–30 y 920 15.2 10.3 11.6 12.3 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 M, 31–50 y 1,805 16.0 11.1 12.3 13.0 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 M, 51–70 y 1,680 16.5 11.2 12.5 13.3 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 M, 71+ y 722 16.4 11.1 12.5 13.2 Standard error   0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 F, 9–13 y 606 13.9 10.2 11.2 11.7 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 F, 14–18 y 449 14.3 10.2 11.3 11.9 Standard error   0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 F, 19–30 y 806 14.6 9.0 10.5 11.3 Standard error   0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 F, 31–50 y 1,689 15.8 10.3 11.8 12.5 Standard error   0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 F, 51–70 y 1,605 16.6 11.3 12.7 13.5 Standard error   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 F, 71+ y 669 16.7 11.4 12.7 13.5 Standard error   0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 Pregnant 81 15.6 10.8 12.1 12.8 Standard error   0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Lactating 44 15.5 12.2 13.1 13.6 Standard error   0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 Pregnant/lactating 124 15.6 13.8 14.3 14.6 Standard error   0.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 All individuals 21,030 15.4 9.6 11.0 11.8 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 All individuals (+P/L) 21,154 15.4 9.6 11.0 11.9 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Estimates are based on respondents’ intakes on the first surveyed day. The Iowa State University (ISU) method was used to estimate individual usual intakes of energy from protein and total energy. One g of protein was assumed to provide 4 kcal of energy. A modification of the ISU method was then used to estimate the distribution of the nutrient density (Goyeneche JJ, Carriquiry A, Fuller WA. 1997. Estimating bivariate usual intake distributions. ASA Proceedings of the Biometrics Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association). Infants and children fed human milk and five individuals who had no food intake for the day were excluded from the analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 8.2 8.8 9.5 10.3 10.9 11.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 9.1 10.4 12.6 15.0 16.4 19.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 13.2 14.5 16.0 17.3 18.1 19.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 12.9 14.0 15.2 16.3 17.0 18.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 13.1 14.1 15.2 16.2 16.9 18.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 13.4 14.3 15.1 16.0 16.5 17.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 13.6 15.1 16.7 18.3 19.4 21.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 14.3 15.8 17.5 19.1 20.1 22.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 14.6 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.0 23.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 14.6 16.2 18.0 19.8 20.9 23.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 12.7 13.8 15.0 16.2 16.9 18.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 12.9 14.2 15.5 16.8 17.5 19.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 12.7 14.4 16.2 18.0 19.2 21.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 13.9 15.6 17.4 19.2 20.4 22.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 14.8 16.4 18.2 20.0 21.1 23.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 14.8 16.5 18.3 20.1 21.3 23.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 14.1 15.5 17.0 18.5 19.4 21.2 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 14.4 15.5 16.6 17.6 18.3 19.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.6 16.9 17.5 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.8 2.6 13.3 15.1 17.1 19.1 20.4 22.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 13.3 15.1 17.1 19.1 20.4 22.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids TABLE E-18 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Percentage of Total Energy from Alcohol, United States, CSFII (1994–1996, 1998)       Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0–6 mo 578 —b — — — Both sexes, 7–12 mo 487 — — — — Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,777 — — — — Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,769 — — — — M, 9–13 y 569 — — — — M, 14–18 y 446 0.2 — — — M, 19–30 y 854 3.1 — — — M, 31–50 y 1,683 2.4 — — — M, 51–70 y 1,606 2.1 — — — M, 71+ y 674 1.6 — — — F, 9–13 y 580 — — — — F, 14–18 y 436 0.1 — — — F, 19–30 y 758 1.5 — — — F, 31–50 y 1,613 1.3 — — — F, 51–70 y 1,539 1.3 — — — F, 71+ y 622 0.5 — — — Pregnant 71 — — — — Lactating 42 0.2 — — — Pregnant/lactating 112 0.1 — — — All individuals 19,991 1.3 — — — All individuals (+P/L) 20,103 1.3 — — — a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. b Value is less than 0.05 NOTE: Estimates represent the unadjusted distribution of the 2-day average percentage of kcal from alcohol calculated per individual. One g of alcohol was assumed to provide 7 kcal of energy. Estimates were calculated using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. Infants and children fed human milk and five individuals who had no food intake for the day were excluded from the analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.1 — — — — — 0.1 — — — — — 0.1 — — — — — 4.3 — — 3.4 11.0 17.0 31.2 — — 2.5 8.5 12.8 23.3 — — 1.9 7.5 11.4 22.3 — — — 5.1 12.5 20.8 — — — — — 0.1 — — — — 0.1 2.6 — — — 5.8 9.9 20.1 — — — 5.1 9.5 18.3 — — — 5.1 9.4 18.2 — — — 0.1 4.2 11.7 — — — — 0.2 0.7 — — — — — 4.8 — — — — 0.2 4.8 — — — 4.6 9.3 19.8 — — — 4.5 9.2 19.7

Representative terms from entire chapter:

usual daily